---

Background and Objective: A common complication after general anesthesia is nausea and vomiting followed by different problems such as spasm, hypoxia and pulmonary aspiration. This complication is more common in patients with full stomach, Eye injury, head trauma, cesarean and laparoscopy. Propofol and metoclopramide are two common drugs to prevent nausea and vomiting after operation. On the other hand adding dexamethasone to the above drug, has an important effect on decreasing nausea and vomiting. In this study, the effect propofol and metoclopramide associated with dexamethasone on nausea and vomiting after operation was investigated.

Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 100 patients with ASA I, II classes, aged 16-60 years with selective orthopedic surgery randomly have divided into two groups. In group one, 48 patients received metoclopramide (10mg) with dexamethasone (8mg) and in group two, 52 patients received propofol (20mg) with dexamethasone (8mg), five minutes before the end of operation. Prevalence of nausea and vomiting in both groups was considered after 4 hours and results were analyzed by Chi-Square, t-student and Fisher exact tests.

Results: The rate of nausea in group 1 and 2 was 35.4% and 11.5% respectivly (P<0.05). The rate of vomiting was 27.7% and 7.7% in group 1 and 2 respectivly (P<0.05).

Conclusion: This study showed that the antiemetic effect of propofol with dexamethasone is more effective to prevent nausea and vomiting than metoclopromide with dexamethasone.

---

Background and Objective: Nausea and vomiting are common complications after surgery which creates spasm, hypoxia and pulmonary aspiration. This study was done to determine the effect of ondansetrone, metoclopramide associated with dexamethasone on postoperative nausea and vomiting in cholecystectomy surgery using Laparoscopic method. Methods: In this double blind clinical trial study, 100 patients with ASA class I and II undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy divided randomly into two groups. The patients in the first group were received metoclopramide (10mg/kg/bw) with dexamethasone (8mg/kg/bw) and the second group were received ondansetron (4mg/kg/bw) with dexamethasone (8mg/kg/bw) intravenously 5 min before the final stage of surgery. Premedication and induction of anesthesia in patients were equal 5 minutes to 4 hours after surgery, postoperative nausea and vomiting were recorded for each patient. Results: The rate of nausea in the first and the second groups were recorded 38% and 28%, respectively. The rate of vomiting in the first and the second groups were recorded 30% and 16%, respectively. These values were not significant. Conclusion: Ondansetron with dexamethasone non significantly reduced postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in comparison with metoclopramide with dexamethasone.

---

Background and Objective: The flowers of Citrus aurantium L. are traditionally used in the treatment of neurological disorders such as seizures, epilepsy and neurasthenia. With regard to the importance of nausea and vomiting and effects of strengthening the stomach of Citrus aurantium L. extract, this study, was done to determine the antiemetic effect of the metabolic, aesthetic and aqueous extract of flowers of Citrus aurantium L. in young chickens.

Methods: In this experimental study, induction of emesis was performed in 138 young chickens
(23 groups, n=6) using copper sulfate (60 mg/kg, orally) and ipecac (600 mg/kg, orally). The aqueous, methanolic and acetonic extract at doses of 50, 100 and 250 mg/kg/bw were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) and metoclopramide (as positive control). The number of nausea was recorded 50 and 20 minutes after copper sulfate and ipecac administration, respectively.

Results: Our results showed that all kind of extract at doses of 100 and 250 mg/kg significantly inhibited copper sulfate and ipecac induced–emesis that showed better effect than metoclopramide. Also, comparison of antiemetic effect of different extract revealed that methanolic, aqueous and acetonic had better effect on prevention of nausea, respectively in comparision with metoclopramide.

Conclusion: All kinds of Citrus aurantium (Methanolic, Aesthetic and Aqueous) showed antiemetic effect due to copper sulfate and ipecac dose dependly in Young chickenin in comparision with metoclopramide.