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Background & Objective: In addition to genetic and hormonal effect, various environmental influence on hair growth. For instance, stress can release epinephrine in the blood circulation, and epinephrine can effect on various tissues, especially on skin and hair tissue. Many investigators try to find effective drugs for the hair growth. Because most of these drugs are vasodilator agents, we design present study to determine the local effects of epinephrine administration as a vasoconstrictor agent on growth of hair. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 45 Wistar male Rats were divided in three groups, which taking 1.5ml/kg epinephrine, 1ml/kg epinephrine two times/daily for two months and control group which reciving normal salin with same valume for two months respectively. Following observing the macroscopically findings and segregation of the skin, the slide were prepared and the number of hair follicles were examinated. Results: The epinephrine causes degeneration of hair folicule, sebasus gland, and decreasing number of hair folicule in comping with control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that the subcutaneous adminstration of epinephrine cause the hair lesions, and this significantly is related directly with the dosage of epinephrine.

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Background and Objective: Proprioception an important role in shoulder joint function. Exercise and throat of the upper extremity are complex and skinny movements that apply a great deal of stress on the shoulder joint. This study was done to evaluate the relationship between proprioception and rotator muscles strength in dominant and non-dominant side with shoulder pain of wheelchair basketball athletes.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 50 wheelchair basketball athletes were selected in non-random sampling way from wheelchair basketball gyms from Alborz and Tehran in Iran. WUSPI, MMT system and repositioning error test with felexometere were used for assessment of shoulder pain, rotator muscles strength and proprioception respectively.
Results: There was a significant difference between dominant and non-dominant side rotators strength and proprioception (P<0.05). There was a significant relationship between internal rotators strength and proprioception in dominate side with shoulder pain (P<0.05). There was not a significant relationship between external rotators strength and proprioception in non-dominate side with shoulder pain.
Conclusion: Repeated pattern of movements in the wheelchair basketball athletes at the long time causes muscle imbalance in strength shoulder joint. It is known as a risk factor in shoulder injuries.