Background and Objective: Ankle instability is one of the most prevalent injuries among athletes. Biomechanical changes, sensory-motor impairments, and neuromuscular disorders have been reported in individuals with chronic ankle instability. The present study was conducted to compare the electrical activity of selected leg and thigh muscles during performing functional movements in female athletes with and without chronic ankle instability.
Methods: This case-control research was conducted on 40 female athletes in the age range of 18-30 years in two groups, including the case (with ankle instability, n=20) and healthy control (without ankle instability, n=20) groups. The electrical activity of selected leg and thigh muscles was recorded during three functional patterns, i.e., the overhead squat, overhead squat with heel lift, and single-legged squat, by electromyography apparatus. The investigated muscles consisted of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle, the gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) muscle, the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, the fibularis longus (FL) muscle, the soleus (SO) muscle, the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle, the vastus mediali (VM) muscle, and the biceps femoris (BF) muscle.
Results: The activity of the VM, VL, BF, and TA muscles in the single-legged squat and the activity of the VM, VL, BF, SO, and TA muscles in the overhead squat showed a statistically significant increase in the case group compared to the control group (P<0.05). The highest difference in the muscle activity of the two groups was observed in the overhead squat with heel lift movement, which in this movement, except for the GL muscle, there was a statistically significant increase among all other muscles (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Functional movements culminate in increasing the electrical activity level of leg and thigh muscles in female athletes with ankle instability.

Studies indicate a significant impact of rehabilitation exercises on improving complications related to ankle injuries. This review aimed to evaluate the effects of various exercise protocols with and without the use of taping and kinesio taping, in individuals with ankle injuries. Article were searched in both Persian and English from 2007 to 2023 in the specialized databases of PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science (WoS), Google Scholar, Islamic World Sciences Citation (ISC), Civilica, State Inpatient Database (SID), and Magiran. The keywords used for article extraction included "Ankle ligament," "Ankle injury," "Ankle sprain," "Corrective exercises," and "Taping." Ultimately, 16 articles related to the effects of various exercise protocols with and without the use of taping following ankle injury were reviewed and analyzed. A review of 6 articles revealed that exercise protocols with the use of taping have reduced the likelihood of lower extremity injuries by increasing ankle muscle strength and improving selected kinetic variables, proprioception, and ankle function. Additionally, an examination of 3 articles on exercise protocols with the use of taping demonstrated that the application of taping had no significant effect on function. Furthermore, a review of 7 articles on exercise protocols without the use of taping demonstrated that performing such exercises culminated in the restoration of muscle strength and improved proprioception and static balance. The results revealed that various exercise protocols with and without the use of taping are significantly effective in preventing recurrent ankle ligament injuries; however, the application of taping may have a superior effect on ankle injury recovery.