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Background and Objective: There is a genetic background for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Due to increase metabolic disorders, lipoproteins, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypertension in PCOS patients, this study was done to determine the cardiovascular risk factors in first relative member of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrom in Shiraz, Iran. Materials and Methods: This case - control study was carried out on 107 parents and siblings of women with PCOS as cases and 107 non-PCOS parents and siblings of women as controls in Shiraz, Iran during 2007-08. Demographic characteristic, BMI, obesity and blood pressure were recorded for all subjects. Serum lipoproteins including total cholestrol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL and fasting blood sugar were measured in cases and controls. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16.5, independent t-test, Chi-Square and Kappa tests. Results: 35.3%, 26.5%, 11.76% and 5.8% of fatheres in cases were considered as overweight class I, class II, class III of obesity, respectively when compared to controls. This differecne was significant (P<0.05). Waist –hip ratio in mothers in cases (25.6%) and controls (17.9%) were higher than 0.85. Waist –hip ratio among the sisters in case and control groups were 23.5% and 17.6%, respectively (P<0.05). Hypertension was observed in 12.2% of cases and 3.7% of controls. This difference was not significant. High level of triglyceride were determined in 14.94% of cases and 6.5% of controls. A significant correlation was found between BMI and diabete II in case and control groups (P<0.05). Disorder in glucose tolerance test (GTT) in case and control goups were 19.62% and 7.47%, respectively (P<0.05). The obesity was found in 18.7%, 6.54% in cases and controls with disorder in GTT (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that obesity, central obesity, high level of serum lipoproteins and hypertension among first relative member of patients with PCOS are significantly higher than the controls.

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Background and Objective: Trauma is the most common cause of death in all individuals between 1 and 44 years and the third most common cause of death regardless of age. The abdomen is the third most commonly injured region of the body. Some intra abdominal organ injured more than others, related to mechanism of injury, size and location of organ in abdominal cavity. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of intra abdominal injuries due to penetrating trauma. Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was done on 114 patients admitted to 5 Azar hospital in Gorgan, Iran due to penetrating abdominal trauma during 2002-07. Gender, age, type of injury causes of trauma and hospitlalization period were obtained form patients files. Results: 92.1% of patients were male. The mean age of subjects was 24.8 years (9-70 years) with highest frequency between 20-24 years. Two (1.8%) deaths directly related to abdominal stab wounds related to hemorrhagic shock. The most common cause of penetrating abdominal injury was knife wound (78.9%). The mean time spent in hospital was 4.6±2.8 days. In 53 patients, cause of trauma were either related to pentration into peritoneum or passing through in. Small intestine injuries (14 %), rupture of diaphragm and concurrent lung injuries (7%) were the common damage organs. Conclusion: This study showed that the knife was the main cause of abdominal penetrate trauma and peritoneum was the most common damage tissue.

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Background and Objective: Meralgia paresthetica (MP) is due to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) involvement if it is left either unattended miss treated it can be followed by significant disabilities. This study was done to compare the neurolysis and nerve resection in treatment refractory of Meralgia paresthetica. Materials and Methods: This descriptive - comparative study was carried out on 14 patients (7 males and 7 females) afflicted with Meralgia paresthetica and resisted to theraputical regiment in Poorsina hospital in Rasht, North of Iran during 2001-08. The patients were selected non-randomly and neurolysis were gone under either neurolysis or nerve resection surgery with 18-month follow-up. Results: All 5 patients with neurolysis operation were found to have the recurrent symptoms. Non of the patient operated with nerve resection demostrated the clinical manifestation of the recurment sympotms, following 18 month follow-up. The success rate of neurolysis and nerve resection were determined to be 3% and 98.8% respectively. Six women and three men are LFCN-resected a woman and four men treated with neurolysis. The mean age and the disease onset length were 64.6%±9.8 year and 18±11 months, respectively. Conclusion: Nerve resection method is suggested in patients with Meralgia paresthetica resisted to theraputical treatment.

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Background and Objective: Post-operative nausea vomiting (PONV) and laryngospasm are the most common of complication following surgery. This study was conducted to compare the incidence of laryngospasm and PONV after pediatric infra umbilical surgery using two anesthetic methods: control ventilation and spontaneous respiration. Materials and Methods: This double-blind clinical trial study was conducted on 192 children with 2-7 year-old undergoing infra-umbilical surgery of ASA-I class with the estimated operation period of an hour in Tehran pediatric hospital, Tehran-Iran during 2009-10. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: controlled ventilation and spontaneous respiration. After anesthetization, Atracurium was injected to the control ventilation (CV) group and anesthesia continued with mechanical ventilation. For the patients of the second group (spontaneous respiration/SR), after the gradual increase of the dose of halothane and certainty of the optimal depth of anesthesia, patients were intubated to allow spontaneous respiration. After intubation, all patients were anesthetized with Halothane 1-2% and the N2O/O2. The rate of nausea, vomiting, laryngospasm, excessive post-operative discharge was recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS-13, student’s t-test, chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: Post-operative nausea was non significantly higher in CV group (8%) than SR (6.52%). The rate of vomiting was higher in CV (16%) as compared to SR group (2.17%). (P<0.001, RR=8.57, CI: 1.91-38.41). The rate of laryngospasm at the end of the surgery was higher in CV group (15.21%) as compared to SR group (26%) (P<0.02, RR= 0.94, CI: 0.05-1.77). The rate of excessive discharge at the end of the surgery was significantly higher in CV group (52%) in comparison with SR group (11.95%) (P<0.001, RR=0.94, CI: 0.05-1.77). Conclusion: This study showed that in infra-umbilical surgeries in a period of less than an hour the incidence of post-operative vomiting and laryngospasm is higher in control ventilation group than spontaneous respiration group, which might be due to the injection of neostigmine to counter-act the effects of muscle relaxants.

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Background and Objective: Impacted molars teeth, especially third molar, are important in most branches of medical sciences. The angular position of molar teeth is in side effects and therapeutic regiment. This study was conducted to determine the angle of the impacted mandibular third molars. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 429 patients (269 men and 160 women) selected for surgery on impacted mandibular third molar in the oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic in Gorgan, Iran during 2010-11. Pre-operative diagnosis was done by physical examination and OPG radiography. Demographic characterstics including age, gender, ethnicity, impaction angle were recorded for each subject. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16, independent t-test and chi-square test. Results: Totally, 480 impacted third molars were studied. Mean age of patients was 26.06±6.21 years. Impaction of the third molar was more prevalent among men (62.7%) than women (38.30%). Impacted mandibular third molar of 189 people (44.1%) were in left side in 200 people (46.6%) were in right side and in 40 people (9.3%) were bilateral. According to impaction angle, mesioangular (41.7%) and distoangular (3.5%) types had the highest and the lowest frequency, respectively. In bilateral cases, the mesioangular-mesioangular type (48.8%) was the most prevalent. The mesioangular type was the most prevalent in all ethnic groups. The most prevalent angular position of the impacted third molar was the mesioangular type in both sexes. Conclusion: This study showed that the most prevalent angular position of impacted mandibular third molar is the mesioangular type.

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Background and Objective: Otalgia is a complaint triggered from either ear disorders or adjacent structures due to common innervations between ear and adjust organs. This study was done to explore the causes of primary otalgia. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was done on 770 patients with otalgia in Gorgan, Iran during 2009-10. After clinical examination age, gender, patient complaint and signs were recorded for each patient. Results: 668 patients (86.8%) had primary otalgia including 39.9% left, 41.3% right and 18.8% bilaterally. 63.9% were female and 36.1% were males. External otitis was the most common causes of primary otalgia with 64.8%. Other causes consist of acute otitis media (14.5%), serumen (14.1%), chronic otitis media (5.8%), foreign body (4%) and trauma (3%), respectively. Conclusion: The most common cause of primary otalgia was external otitis.

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Background and Objective: Different coagulants including aluminum sulfate (Alum) and Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC) are used for water clarification process and deposition of colloidal particles. The use of coagulants causes some residual aluminum in water. The residual aluminum higher than 0.2 mg/l, has adverse effects on human health and environment. This study was conducted to determine the amount of residual aluminum by applying Polyaluminium chloride and aluminum sulfate for turbidity removal from turbid water. Methods: In this laboratory study, the experiments were run by using synthetic water having low (10-30 NTU), medium (100-130 NTU) and high (200-230 NTU) initial turbidities. Synthetic turbid water was prepared by adding stock kaolin suspension into distilled water. Samples of 1 liter of water were poured on 6 Jars. After adjusting of pH, coagulant was added into each beaker at various doses and agitated at 100 rpm for 30s. The mixing speed was then reduced to 20 rpm and kept for another 15 minutes. The suspensions were left for sedimentation and after 30 minutes of sedimentation, clarified samples were collected from the top of the beakers. Residual turbidity and residual aluminum was measured. The residual turbidity was measured using a Turbidimeter according to Nephlometric method. The residual aluminum was determined by Eriochrome cyanine R method. Results: Residual alminium in low, medium and high turbidities was 0.006 mg/l, 0.05 mg/l and 0.07 mg/l by applying Polyaluminum Chloride and 0.065 mg/l, 0.15 mg/l and 0.22 mg/l by applying alum, respectively. There was a significant correlation between dosage of Alum and Polyaluminum Chloride with residual aluminium (P<0.05). Conclusion: Polyaluminum Chloride due to low sensitivity to pH variation and less residual aluminum in treated water is more suitable than alum coagulant and could be used as a recommended water coagulant.

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Background and Objective: Fusarium solani is the common etiological agent of fungemia and disseminated fusariosis, which is associated with high incidence of mortality in immune-compromised host. Due to high level of resistance of antifungals in Fusarium solani, rapid and specific identification of organism is essential. This study was done to evaluate the PCR method for rapid and specific diagnosis of Fusarium solani in serum samples of HIV positive patients. Methods: In this descriptive study, the PCR test based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene as the target gene with 330 bp product was optimized. PCR was applied on 45 serum samples of HIV positive patients after evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of the test. Results: In the optimized PCR test, the 330 bp product was amplified. The sensitivity of the test was a copy of Fusarium solani genome, and its specificity was 100%. Among 45 serum samples, 9 cases (20%) were positive for Fusarium solani. Conclusion: The PCR method has functional capabilities for direct, rapid and specific clinical diagnosis of Fusarium solani in HIV positive patients.

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Background and Objective: Hyperlipidemia and dyslipidemia are the prevalent risk factors associated with diabetes and their attenuation in diabetic patients with medicinal plants has great significance. This study was done to evaluate the effect of Salvia officinalis (SO) administration on serum glucose, lipids and tissue level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 32 adult male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups including: control, SO-treated control, diabetic, and SO-treated diabetic groups. For induction of diabetes, a single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p.) was used. SO powder was mixed with standard rat chow. Serum glucose and triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL levels were determined on the first day and at 3rd and 6th weeks after the intervention. Finally, liver level of MDA and protein were determined in liver homogenate. Results: At 6th week, serum glucose level was significantly higher in diabetic and SO-treated diabetic groups (P<0.001) in compare to controls. Oral consumption of SO did not significantly reduce serum glucose level. Serum triglyceride level significantly reduced in SO-treated diabetic group in compare to diabetic group (P<0.05). There was not significant difference between SO-treated diabetic and diabetic groups. Serum level of cholesterol, HDL, LDL and tissue MDA level in SO-treated diabetic group in compare to diabetic group. Conclusion: Chronic administration of Salvia officinalis reduces serum triglyceride level in diabetic rats, with no significant effect on glucose level and Malondialdehyde.

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Background and Objective: Despite enormous progress in the understanding of human reproductive physiology, the underlying cause of male infertility remains undefined in about 50.0% of cases, which are referred to as idiopathic infertility and affects about 5.0-7.0% of the general male population. Human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (ApE1) is a multifunctional protein that has an important role in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. ApE1 SNP T>G found in exon 5 led to substitution of Asp>Glu at codon 148. This study was done to evaluate the association of ApE1 Asp148Glu polymorphism and the risk of idiopathic male infertility. Methods: In this case-control study, blood samples were collected from 90 patients diagnosed with idiopathic male infertility and 90 healthy men, genotyped by Allele-Specific PCR (AS-PCR) method by using specific primers that were designed and the association between genotype and allele frequencies in cases and controls were estimated. Results: There was no significant association between ApE1 gene polymorphism at codon 148 in case and control groups. Conclusion: No significant association was found between the Asp148Glu polymorphism and idiopathic male infertility.

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Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus is the most common type of metabolic diseases which is characterized with hyperglycemia due to implicit or relative insulin deficiency. Diabetes mellitus is acutely related to obesity. Agouti-related protein (AGRP) has 132 amino acids and increases appetite in humans. This study was done to determine the effect of eight weeks aerobic exercise on plasma level of agouti-related protein, glycated hemoglobin and glucose in non-active type II diabetic women. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 female diabetic patients were divided into exercise and control groups. The training program was performed 3 sessions a week in course of 8 weeks, each session was last for 60 minutes, and the controls did not have any exercise. The plasma level of agouti-related protein, glycated hemoglobin and glucose were measured. Results: There was no significant alteration in the level of AGRP, HbA1c and glucose in either exercise or control groups. There was no significant relation between AGRP with glucose, AGRP with HbA1c and HbA1c with glucose in the exercise and control groups. Conclusion: Eight weeks of aerobic exercise is not enough for making any changes on plasma level of AGRP, HbA1c and glucose in non-active type II diabetic women.

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Background and Objective: Mycoplasma pneumoniae bacteria, is one of the most important factor in causing of respiratory infections. Serological and molecular detection methods have their own limitation. Due to this limitation, the application of these methods in all diagnostic laboratories is not possible. Therefore this study was done to determine the rapid detection of Mycoplasma pneumonia by loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Methods: In this descriptive laboratory study, nasopharynx samples were collected from 92 patients with atypical pneumonia. DNA sample were extracted by boiling method. Six specific primer pairs were designed for LAMP technique by primer explorer ver 4 software. LAMP product identified by adding SYBR Green. Limit of detection and specificity tests have been done for optimizing LAMP test and optimized test carry out for each sample. Results: The LAMP test was optimized using the large Bst enzyme fragment at 66 degree temperature for 1 hour. The detection limit of the test obtained 1 CFU and the DNA replication does not observed in non of the examined pathogenic factors. Out of 92 clinical samples using LAMP technique, 73 cases were negative (80%) and 19 cases were positive (20%). Conclusion: The loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique is simple, convenient and available method for detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

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Background and Objective: Overweight and obesity are increasing in the last three decades indicates the strong influence of environmental factors. Fats are the most important sources of human food which is considered as one of the reason for obesity. Among the components of the diet, poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are resulting in obesity. This study was done to evaluate the effect of diets containing poly unsaturated fatty acid on body weight and colon macroscopic properties in rabbit. Methods: In this experimental study, 24 female rabbits were allocated into three experimental groups including short, medium and long term and control groups (three subgroups). Animals in experimental groups were received diet containing corn oil for one month (short term), two months (medium term) and three months (long term). Animals at the end of the first, second and third months, were weighed and dissected and taken biopsy from colon. The macroscopic properties of the samples including shape and arrangement of Haustration were evaluated. Results: Over weight was not in the long – term consumption of corn oil in comparison with controls, but Haustra organization in different parts of the colon were disappeard in experimental animals. Conclusion: The diet containing poly unsaturated fatty acid causes macroscopic alteration in rabbit colon.

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Background and Objective: Parathyroid proteins involved in calcium homeostasis. With increasing age and other relevant factors, this hormone is not able to perform its role. Using recombinant parathyroid hormone prevent disease progression and effective in improvement of disease. This study was done to design and build the desired construct genes, cloning process and synthesis of soluble parathyroid hormone in E. coli. Methods: In this laboratory study, design and optimization sequence of the gene parathyroid hormone (PTH) was carried out for expression of soluble proteins in bacteria. The construct contining PTH gene (puc 57) transformed into bacteria and cultivation was done in SOB medium then Plasmid extraction was performed. Fragment encoding the PTH was isolated by digestion of the cloning vector and ligate to expression vector (PET-32a). Subcloning process followed by induction with IPTG 1mM. The recombinant parathyroid hormon was expressed in bacteria, subsequently. Results: After enzymatic digestion, the fragment encoding the protein of interest was properly localized. The process was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Following performing a transformation, induction process performed by IPTG with final concentration 1mM that caused the soluble parathyroid proteins to be expressed in bacteria and the process was confirmed by Western blot technique. Conclusion: Protein expression in bacteria due to its rapid growth and the need to inexpensive medium is cost-effective. Soluble recombinant protein expression reduces downstream of recombinant protein production.

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Background and Objective: Musculoskeletal disorder is a professional disease which is due to undesirable work condition and is a disturbing factor of health and welfare in societies. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in nurses and its relationship with the knowledge of ergonomic and environmental factors in north of Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 110 nursing staff in Razi and Imam Khomeini hospitals in north of Iran. Questionnaire of the rate of awareness measurement, general questionnaire of musculoskeletal diseases (Nordik), the questionnaires of the health status and the study relationships between some factors in work place were filled out for each nurse. Results: Prevalence of the pain in neck, back, low back, shoulder, knee, thing pain, arm, leg among nurses was 50%, 49%, 58%, 44.9%, 47.3%, 32.7%, 36.4% and 56.4%, respectively. The condition of work place including air filtration (23.6%), light (22.7%) and air condition (4.5%) was not well. Chair (31%) and work table (34%) for work condition and body position of nurses was unsuitable. There was a significant relationship between low back pain and age and time of working per week of nurses (P<0.05). Nurses knowledge in the filed ergonomy was 77% and 22.2% of nurses trained in body condition during work. 60% of nurses were not trained for correct patient transportation and relocation. Conclusion: Nurses suffered more from pain in low back, knee, neck and legs. Training of nurses for patient transportation and body position during working in hospital is essential.

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Background and Objective: A high percentage of patients with multiple traumas sustained at least from an orthopedic problem. One of the high frequent lesions was femoral shaft fracture. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of bleeding and the need for blood transfusion in femoral shaft fractures and risk factors.

Methods: This descriptive, retrospective study was done on 84 patients with femoral shaft fractures whom were operated in Imam Khomeini Hospital in, Sari, in northern Iran during 2012-15. Age, sex, comorbidities, type of fracture, hospitalization period, pre and post-operative hemoglobin and blood unit's loss were recorded for each patient.

Results: In 43 patients (51.19%) plate and in 41 patients (48.80%) intramedullary naling were used for treatment of fractures.13 (15.47%), 33 (39.28%) and 37(44.04%) of patients were received one, two and three blood units, respectively. There was no significant relationship between energy intensity and age. There was significant relationship between the intensity and the type of fracture (P<0.05). A significant correlation existed between blood unit transfusion with sex, fracture type, hemoglobin before surgery and fracture energy intensity (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is recommended for hip fracture at least 3 units of blood should be reserved.

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Background and Objective: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common cause of liver disease worldwide and it is defined as a disorder of excess fat accumulation in the liver. This study was done to determine the prevalence of fatty liver among overweight, obese and normal children.
Methods: This historical cohort study was conducted on 90 children ages 5 to 13 years old in Taleghani pediatric theching hospital in Gorgan, north of Iran during 2014. Subjects according to Body Mass Index (BMI) classified into obese (95%>BMI), over weight (85-95% BMI) and normal (5-85% BMI). Childern were matched for age and sex. Liver enzymes (ALT Alanine aminotransferase and AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) and lipid profile includingTriglyceride: TG (High Density Lipoprotein: HDL and (Low Density Lipoprotein: LDL were measured and fatty liver evaluated based on sonographic parameters by a radiologist who didnot know children's BMI.
Results: The prevalence of fatty liver was 23.3% in obese children that was non- significantly higher than normal (16.7%) and over weight (16.7%) children. The prevalence of fatty liver was not significantly different between two sexes. AST was significantly higher in children with normal BMI in compared to obese and over weight children (P<0.05). The highest and lowest level of cholesterol was seen in obese and normal children (P<0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of fatty liver non-significantly was higher in obese children in comparision with normal and over weight children.

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Background and Objective: Ovarian cancer is the fifth common cancer among women and the number of new cases is increasing. Valproic acid is a histone deacetylase inhibitor effectively used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disease. Recently, this compound has attracted attention as an anti-cancer agent. Bim is one of the most important genes of mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, and it plays an important role in the biology of cancer. Expression of this gene is greatly reduced in ovarian cancer. This study was done to evaluate the effect of valproic acid on the viability of ovarian cancer cells, apoptosis and Bim gene expression in A2780 line.
Methods: In this experimental study, the human ovarian cancer cells (A2780) were grown in RPMI-1640 medium in appropriate culture conditions. The cells were treated by various concentrations valproic acid (1-30 mM) and were incubated for 24, 48 and 72 hours. After the incubation of period, cell viability was investigated using MTT. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow-cytometry method in the cells were treated by valproic acid. The Real time PCR test was used to assess the effect of this drug on the expression of Bim gene.
Results: The results of MTT assay showed that valproic acid reduced the viability of A2780 cells, and this effect was time and dose-dependent. The reduction of cell viability at 30 mM concentration and 72 hours after treatment, was maximum and statistically significant (P<0.05). Exposure to valproic acid significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic cells (P<0.05). Also, Valproic acid significantly increased the expression of Bim (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Valproic acid reduced viability in ovarian cancer cell line A2780. Valproic acid increased cell death by altering the expression of genes involved in apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell line A2780.

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Background and Objective: Foreign body ingestion is one of the most common problems in otolarygyology in the world. Many kind of foreign body is lodged in esophagus and cause symptoms and complication. Information about patient age and type of foreign bodies and symptoms can help in management and treatment of patients. This study was done to determine the Prevalence of esophageal foreign body and its complications in Gorgan, northern Iran.
Methods: This descriptive retrospective study was done on 145 patients (61 males and 84 females) with foreign body ingestion whom admitted in 5thAzar hospital in Gorgan, northern Iran during 2004-14. Age and type of foreign body and symptoms was recorded for each patient. X-Ray in 41.4% of patients detected foreign body and esophagoscopy in others were used for definitive diagnosis.
Results: Most common chief complaint was dysphagia (42.8%). The most common foreign body was chikenbone (25.5%). Under 15 year’s old patients, coine was the most common. Most common site of lodged was 1/3 upper esophagus (62.63%). In all causes rigid esophaguscopy was used for removal of foreign body. In 56 causes foreign body in esophagus had not any complication.Complications due to foreign bodies were erision (24.82%), ulcer (21.37%), rapture of mucosal layer (6.2%), recurrent refer (4.82%), perforation of esophagus (5 cases, 3.44%) and obsess esophagus(0.68%). Mortality was seen in one patient due to fish bone ingestion.
Conclusion: Dysphagia was the most common chief complaint and coine was the most common foreign body in children. Also, erision and ulcer were the most common complications and upper one third of upper esophagus was the most common site of lodged foreign bodies.

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Background and Objective: Sodium valproate (SV) is a commonly used antiepileptic drug; however, its therapeutic application is limited due to its potential to induce oxidative stress. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, possesses antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to determine the effect of resveratrol on SV-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampal tissue of BALB/c mouse fetal brains.
Methods: In this experimental study, 40 pregnant female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to 5 groups of 8, including control, SV at 40 mg/kg/bw, SV at 40 mg/kg/bw + resveratrol at 0.6 mg/kg/bw, SV at 40 mg/kg/bw + resveratrol at 0.35 mg/kg bw, and SV at 40 mg/kg/bw + resveratrol at 0.225 mg/kg/bw. SV was administered orally per day, and resveratrol was administered daily via intraperitoneal injection. From gestational day 8 to 18, pharmacological interventions were initiated and continued until the birth of the neonates. On gestational day 18, the maternal mice were anesthetized, and 8 fetuses from each group were separated. Following the anesthesia of the fetuses, the brain tissue was dissected. Subsequently, oxidative stress parameters, including the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in nmol/mg as an index of lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) level alterations in µg/mg, and protein carbonyl (PC) level alterations in nmol/mg, were evaluated in the hippocampal tissue.
Results: SV induced oxidative stress by increasing MDA (4.8 nmol/mg) and PC (51.4 nmol/mg protein), and also decreasing GSH (31.86 μg/mg) in the brain tissue compared to the control group (P<0.05). In a concentration-dependent manner, resveratrol reduced oxidative stress by decreasing MDA and PC to 3.02 and 37.21 nmol/mg, respectively, and also by increasing GSH to 49.76 μg/mg in the brain tissue. The most significant effect was observed at a concentration of 0.6 mg/kg/bw, which was statistically significant compared to the SV group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The combined administration of SV and resveratrol culminates in a reduction in inflammation and oxidative stress-related factors in mouse fetuses.