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Background&Objective: Cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is referred to some activites performed by individuals to resuscitation heart and ventilation. Knowledge, skill, experience and positive attitude by resuscitating personals have an effective role on CPR. This study aimed to explore the effect of CPR training on knowledge of nurses working in the hospitals affiliated to Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Materials&Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 26 nurses from the hospitals affiliated to Golestan University were selected randomly. Data collected using a questionnaire including 43 questions which completed by participants before and after training session. The teaching method was lecturing and practicing on the manikin during two eight hours session in two days. The content of training included both basic and advanced CPR. The data was analyzed using Wilcoxon test with significant level at α =0.01. Results: 57.7% of nurses were male and 42.3%were female with the average age of 35.54±5.99 years and the average age of work experience of 10.35 years. The data showed the knowledge of nurses staff regarding arrhythmias, therapeutic algorithms, and also drug therapy was low before training, however it improved significantly after training according Wilcoxon test. It was not found any significant improvement in amount of knowledge of our participants regarding cardiac arrest symptoms, airway management, cardiac massage, after training. Conclusion: The results indicated personals low knowledge about arrhythmias and related issues. Also the results showed the effect of training program on improvement on knowledge of nurses about CPR.

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Background&Objective: Thalassemia is the most common genetic disorder, 2-3 million carriers and 20 thousands with major thalassemia exist in our country. National prevention program of thalassemia started in 1998 and to encourage carriers to dispense marriage with increasing their knowledge was its main strategy. This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of thalassemia prevention program on couples knowledge and carriers and marriage avoidance in Gorgan province- Iran Materials&Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the data were collected by the questionairs which their validity and reliability were already confirmed. The sample population consist of 282 couples which were going to get married 107 couple with minor thalassemia which cancelled their marriage during 1998-2003 were also included in the sample poulation in this research. The detailed study were carried out on whole subjects. Data were entered into the SPSS and analyzed by chi-square, t-test and ANOVA. Results: In 282 couples, mean age was 20.5 on women and 24.86 in men, 57.8% were urban residents, 39.4% were relatives. Most of men had self-employed job and women were house keeper and half were under high school diploma. Distribution of knowledge level: 2.5% weak, 9.2% moderate, 53.2% good and 29.1% excellent. Relationship between knowledge and educational state, residency and job was meaningful (P<0.05), and there was not any relationship with age, gender and familial relativity. Ten couples were carrier that two of them were avoided from marriage. Also 43% of 107 carrier's couple whome were diagnosed in 1998-2003 avoided to get marriaged, meaningful relationships between subjects residency, education status and relativity (P<0.05). Conclusion: In spite of having a good knowledge, but some of the samples population in this study, did not show a suitable practice and most of high risk couples enter into marriage.

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Background & Objective: Hypertension is the most important Cardio-Vascular risk factor, and also the most common cause of heart failure, stroke and renal failure. This semi-experimental study aimed at determining the effect of education, by means of Health Belief Model (HBM), on nurse’s staff knowledge, attitude and their practice toward hypertension. Materials & Methods: This semi-experimental study was done on 136 nurse’s staff selected by stratified random sampling. Data collection instrument were a questionnaire and a check-list. At first, the subjects’ knowledge, attitude and their Practice were studied by a questionnaire and a check list, and then a HBM-based educational program was carried out. For three months, Afterwards, their knowledge, attitude and practice were measured and compared with pretest findings. In statistical analysis, Wilcox on test, independent t test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation. Results: Before education the mean score of knowledge, benefit perceived, barrier perceived, threat perceived, attitude and practice was 9.68, 23.76, 25.63, 22.82, 71.99 and 4.55 respectively. After education these scores reached 16.66, 26.06, 28.94, 24.98, and 80.08 and 4.83. Based on the results, nurse’s staff training via HBM led to high knowledge, positive attitude and practice improvement (p<0.05).The difference between this research variables such as age, gender, marital status, record of service and family background was not significant, But there was significant difference between variables (occupational levels, educational levels, and hospital ward) and knowledge and practice. Furthermore, the relation between hospital ward and attitude was positive (p<0.05). Conclusion: In terms of the results, it is a necessity for nurse’s staff to participate in a HBM based educational program.

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Background&Objective: Staphylococcus aurues is on important cause of community and hospital- aquired infections. Caused by methicillin or oxacillin- resistant s.aureus (MRSA) are mainly nosocomial and are increasingly from many countries word wide. Many attempt have been made by the reasearchers to find new compounds as a subsitute for this antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of alcoholic extracts of 20 medical plants species of Golestan provience on clinical and standard strains of MRSA and MSSA and comprative and detect the best medical plant. Materials&Methods: In this study the compunds of the plant were extracted by percolation method and the effect of ethanolic extract of 20 Iranian medical plants against methicillin resistant and methicillin sensitve strains were assessed by disc diffusion method and each test were repeated 3 times and mean inhibition zone were recorded and then, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts, that show good inhibition zone in disc diffusion method, was determined by the micro broth dilution method. Results: The results of antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extracts of 20 plants revealed that, the ethamlic extracts of 8 plants have the best effect on strains and the maximum mean inhibition zone was 22.4 mm and the lowest MIC of plants was 0.01 mg/ml. Conclusion: The result of this study indicate that, ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus. Global, Peganum.hermla, Punica.granatum, Berberis.vulgaris, Ttamarixaphylla, Nnigella.sativa, Hypericum.perforatum AND, Artemisia. Herbaalba have the best antibacterial effect against MRSA andMSSA. The result obtained from these plants might be considered sufficent for further study.

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Congenital dislocation of radial head without any abnormality is rare,and commonly reveals with anomalies in another organs.it can be appearance in one side or two side be cause of late manifestations,diagnosis of congenital dislocation of radial head is usually difficult. It is more important to recognize congenital anomaly of radial head from dislocation of elbow that events in trauma.this article presents one case of congenital dislocatin of radial head that is involved one side with out any anomaly.

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Background&Objective: Hospital infection is one of the important determinants on lengthening hospitalization and increasing the costs and mortality rates in hospitals. Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is one of the wards that are most afflicted with the incidence of this morbidity. This study involves investigating the incidence of infection in one of the Intensive Care Units. Materials&Methods: This study was designed in the form of a prospective cohort which was implemented on patients who were hospitalized in the ICU of Khatamol Anbia Hospital from September 21st 2002 for at least 72 hours and didn’t reveal signs of infection. The status and duration of using tracheal tube, ventilator, urinary catheter, and venous catheter, the duration of hospitalization in ICU and the time infection appeared were all recorded. Results: During the six months spent on this study, 234 patients were hospitalized in ICU, among which 50 patients were investigated. The group of these 50 patients cumulatively spent 528 days in ICU. During their hospitalization, 9 cases of infection occurred in these patients. The incidence of infection was 18% (with a 95% confidence interval of 7.35% to 28.65%). The incidence rate was 17 patients in 1000 person-year of hospitalization in ICU (with a 95% confidence interval of 8.8 to 106.3). Conclusion: Hospital infection is a relatively common complication among patients who have been hospitalized in ICU for at least 3 days. The frequency of infection reported in Iran is equal or more than the results of studies carried out in other parts of the world.

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Background&Objective: Clinical findings effective on disability of stroke patients have importance due to their effects on prognosis and future recovery following rehabilitation. Materials&Methods: Consecutive stroke patients admitted in Valie-Asr hospital, Khorasan enrolled in a prospective study in 2005. Hemihyposthesia, hemianesthesia, hemineglect and homonymous hemianopsia were evaluated in the patients. Disability score was determined based on the Rankin scale at 72 hours post stroke. Mean of Rankin Disability Score (MRDS) was analysed by T and Fisher tests and p<0.05 declared as significant. Results: 329 stroke patients were investigated. Hemihyposthesia, hemianesthesia, hemineglect and homonymous hemianopsia were found in 37.4%, 13.8%, 7.9% and 7.3% respectively. MRDS was significantly higher in patients with hemianesthesia than other stroke patients, p<0.05. MRDS of patients with each of hemihypoestheisa, hemineglect and homonyous hemianopsia was not signigicantly different than patients without these abnormalities respectively. Patients with triad of hemianesthesia, hemineglect and homonymous hemianopsia had significantly higher MRDS than others , p<0.05. Conclusion: Hemianesthesia is the most important clinical effector on MRDS of the stroke patients. Presence of above triad predicts the highest MRDS in these patients.

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Background&Objective: Thalassemia is an inherited and chronic hemolytic disorder. Like other diseases it can make psychological, social and financial problems for both patients and families. The necessity of this research is to teach the way of treating the psychosocial problems of this illness and to increase the quality of patients and families life. It is also a descriptive study to examine psychosocial and financial disorders and coping strategies among families with patients suffering major beta thalassemia Materials&Methods: 320 parents (229 of mothers and 91 of fathers) were included in this study. These families were those who were visited clinics associated with Gorgan's University. Data collection was done using a self structured questionnaire as well as Mc Cubin and Thompson scale for identifying coping strategies. Results: Findings revealed many problems, such as: stress for disease (82.8%) and the patients' vague future (81.8%). The mentioned problems were of psychological disorders. And about social problems: 33.8% of patients families were deprived of having picnics in their free times and helping the patient meddles the routine work of homes in 30.1% of families. The financial problems: the cost of traveling and providing the medicine (63.8%). In addition 97.5% of families had faith and reliance in God in order to help them and to believe their child's illness as a reality. It is apparent that families use different kinds of method in order to cope with psychological, social and financial problems and to face the disease. Conclusion: Most of families have a strong belief in religion and as a result they believe that any kind of problems and especially disease is one of ways to reach God. This is the idea which helps them to face this disease stoutly.

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Background & Objective: Surgery and /or radiotherapy are major local treatments for esophageal carcinoma. The results of radiotherapy alone have been unsatisfactory. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of definitive chemoradiotherapy for patients with esophageal SCC.

 

Materials & Methods: This prospective histological descriptive study was done on 190 nonmetastatic esophageal SCC patients which received definitive chemoradiotherapy (55-64 Gy, Cisplatin 80-100 mg/m2 day 1-5FU 750-1000 mg/m2, 24h infusion days 1-4) with curative intent in cancer research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences between Jan 2000-Jan 2004. At least one course of chemotherapy was prescribed concurrently with radiotherapy.

 

Results: There were 99 male and 91female patients with the median age of 65 (range, 25-87). The median radiation dose prescribed was 60 Gy (range, 55-64) and median chemotherapy courses was 4 (range, 1-8). With a median follow-up time of 12 months (range, 3-60), one, two and three-year survival rates were 67.8%, 48.7% and 36.3% respectively and median survival was 22 months. Reduction of symptoms was shown in 84% of patients with dysphagia. 109 patients remained disease free with a median follow-up of 14 months (range, 3-60), among which 34 were followed more than 24 months. We found 81 cases (42.6%) with treatment failure during the follow-up (34 locoregional failure, 14 distant metastases, 33 distant metastases accompanied with locoreginal failure).

 

Conclusion: Although definitive chemoradiotherapy can result in long term disease free survival and even cure in a subset of patients with SCC of esophagus, locoregional failure and distant metastasis has remained the main causes of treatment failure.

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Background & Objective: Congenital spinal deformities usually present in infancy and make parents  worry about their child future. Because of congenital nature of these deformities, cord anomalies and other organ abnormalities must be evaluated. This study was done to determine Congenital spinal deformity and associated anomalies.

 

Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was done on 97 patients who referred to Shafa hospital in Tehran- Iran with congenital back deformities from October 2005 to January 2007. All patients were assessed with physical examination, spinal radiography, MRI, urinary system sonography and echocardiography.

 

Results: Mean age of patients at presentation was 81 month. 81 patients had congenital scoliosis and 16 patients had congenital kyphosis. Mean cobb angle was 52 degrees for congenital scoliosis and 70 degrees for congenital kyphosis. 22 patients had neurologic or skin signs that 81% of them had cord abnormalities (p<0.05). Cord anomalies were seen in 36 scoliosis (46.5%) and 2 kyphosis (15%) (p<0.05). Most common cord anomalies were syingomyelia,diastematomyelia and tethered cord. Congenital heart anomalies was seen in 3 patients (4%) and valvular heart disease in 10 patients (13.5%) and kidney anomalies in 7 patients (12%). Only one patient with congenital heart disease and one patient with kidney anomaly had kyphosis.

 

Conclusion: Regarding to prevalence of congenital spinial deformity (CSD) in scoliosis and kyphosis patients, all of patients with CSD should screued for determiation of conganital anomalies by MRI, Eco cardiography and kidny sonography.

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Background & Objective: in recent years antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is increased as a causetive factor in hospital contamination. This study was done to determine the prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from inanimate objects in Taleghani hospital.

 

Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was done on inanimate objects in different wards of Taleghani hospital during 2006. Sampling was performed by sterile gauze pad for dry surfaces and swab for wet surfaces. To differentiate and identify P.aeruginosa, various culture media such as Brain Heart Infusion Agar, Citrimide Agar and Triple Sugar Iron Agar were used. Antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated strains was determined by Kirby-Bauer Method using Muller-hinton Agar medium. Moreover, antiseptic sensitivity of the strains to Decosept and Povidone-Iodine as the main antiseptic agents was identified by determining Minimal Bactericidal Concentration and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration using Nutrient Agar and Nutrient Broth media.

 

Results: Fifty-five of the total 292 samples were positive for P.aeruginosa. Based on the ratio of the number of positive samples to the total samples, Thalassemia ward (38.5%) was the most infected ward and taps (61.1%) was the most infected sampling place. None of the samples from room atmosphere and intensive care equipments were positive for P.aeruginosa. 20% of the samples were resistant to ceftazidime and 32.7% were resistant to piperacillin, also 10.9% of samples were resistance to both ceftazidime and piperacillin.

 

Conclusion: This study showed that contamination with P.aeruginosa and antibiotic resistance of the isolated bacteria are the main problems in Taleghani hospital.

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Background & Objective: Menopause effect on women quality of life and mental health. This study performed to determine the effect of supportive group therapy on menopause mental health condition in Sharekord.

 

Materials & Methods: This study is a quasi experimental research. 46 menopause women who had research condition divided in case and control group. We used GHQ28 and demographic questionnaire in 3 stages for data gathering. group therapy session perform for case group. Data was analysed with SPSS soft ware and analyctic and descriptive statistic index such as Paired T and correlation exam.

 

Results: After group therapy in all dimention performed, significant progress in case group (p<0.05). In addition there was significant difference between case and control group in mental health score after group therapy (p<0.05). There is no any correlation between demographic variable with mental health condition.

 

Conclusion: This study showed effectiveness of group therapy in mental health condition of menopause women. We recommend to use this method routinely for menopause women.

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Background & Objective: Hinosan is an organophosphate that inhibit acetylcolinesterase activity, which could be resulted in damages of genital organs. This compound has been used extensively in the agriculture, for pest control. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the effect of Hinosan on spermatogenesis in mice.

Materials & Methods: For this experimental study, the male mice were divided into three groups. In the cases group, mice were injected with Hinosan consecutive doses (20mg/kg i.p, five consecutive days per week for one month), sham (normal saline) and control (no injection). Animals were scarified 7 days after the latest Hinosan injection. Therefore, the mice testis sections were prepared and morphologic aspects of testis and spermatogenesis processes were examined. Data were analyzed using of one-way ANOVA. Significance was set at P<0.05.

Results: The Hinosan showed a significant decrease in number of germ cells, spermatocyt, spermatids, Leydig cells, blood vessels and also diameter of seminiferous on testes of the mice decreased, compared with control groups (P<0.05).

Conclusion: This study demenstrated that Hinosan is effective on spermatogenesis and seminiferous tubule structure, also can decrease germinal cells.

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Background & Objective: Bone densitometry is an appropriate method for the evaluation of the patients’ skeletal status. This study was done to determine, the relationship between MI (Mental Index) of mandibular bone in panoramic radiography and skeletal status in femoral neck and lumbar vertebrae (L2-L4) in women referring to the radiology department.

Materials & Methods: In this cross sectional descriptive study, the panoramic radiographs of 67 healthy women over 35 years old referring to radiology department Mashhad, Iran during 2004, were assessed and their MIs recorded. All of the patients were then referred to Toos Bone Densitometry Center, for bone densitometry in left femoral neck and lumbar vertebrae (L2-L4), using DEXA technique with Osteocore apparatus. The patients were divided into three categories of normal, osteopenic and osteoporotic in each skeletal region according to their T-score. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results: The mean of Mental Index between normal and osteopenic subgroups of skeletal status in femoral neck showed a significant difference (P=0.042). The mean of Mental Index between normal and osteoporotic and osteopenic and osteoporotic subgroups of skeletal status in lumbar spine region showed a significant differences (P=0.02 & 0.05, respectively). The Mental Index was significantly related to T-scores in femoral neck and L2-L4 regions (r = 0.33 & 0.32, respectively, P<0.01).

Conclusion: This study showed that using Mental Index of mandibular bone can be useful for estimating skeletal status of patients but is not enough for precise evaluation of skeletal status of patients.

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Background & Objective: Adenosine deaminase is an enzyme which catalyses adenosine to Inosine. The determination of adenosine deaminase in body fluids is important for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. There are contradictory reports about the diagnostic value of serum adenosine deaminase in pulmonary tuberculosis. This study was set up to investigate the diagnostic value of serum adenosine deaminase and its isoenzymes activities on pulmonary tuberculosis. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study, blood samples were obtained from 26pulmonary tuberculosis patients (group 1), 17 suspected tuberculosis with negative in both smear and culture tests (group 2), and 67 healthy subjects (group 3). Total ADA and ADA2 determination was carried out by kinetic method and EHNA Inhibitor, respectively. Results: ADA and ADA2 activities are as follow: 19.35±5.04, 13.35±5.34 (group 1) 17.24±6.20, 11.47±3.92 (group 2) and 13.96±4.25, 7.36±2.91(group 3). The mean differences of ADA and ADA2 activity between group 1 and 2 with group 3 was meaningful. The sensitivity and specificity for ADA and ADA2 tests were (26.9%, 94 %) and (50%, 97 %) respectively. The PPV for ADA and ADA2 were 63.6% and 86.7% and the NPV were 76.8% and 83.3%, respectively. Conclusion: This study indicated that the assessment of these enzymes in serum to some extend can be a useful method for differentiation of healthy subjects from respiratory disease, but these tests do not have enough sensitivity to assist in the diagnoses of tuberculosis patients from other respiratory diseases.

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Background & Objective: The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is in its third decade and has become a pandemic disease that threatens the world population. Educational programs are well known as the most effective strategy to preventing the AIDS. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of participants about AIDS and to test the effects of an AIDS education program on it. Materials & Methods: This case-control study was conducted during 2005. 149 Red Crescent personnel in Golestan, Iran. The sample subjects participated in a pre/post intervention study. The activity consisted of a workshop 90 minutes in length, in conjunction with educational material. A 13-item questionnaire was used as the gauging tool. Results: 47% of subjects had adequate knowledge about AIDS. Mean level of knowledge in post-test exam was significantly higher than pre-test one (P<0.0001). Individuals with higher educational level (high school and university) had lower knowledge in pre-test (P=0.001), but the difference in pos-test was not significant. A significant relationship was shown between the history of participation in previous AIDS education programs and subject's knowledge in pre-test (P<0.001). Conclusion: This study indicated that education program based on special traing considerably increase general awareness and attitde towards AIDS.

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Background & Objective: Many evidence indicated that action of glucocorticoid receptors can modulate anxiety behaviors and these effects probably mediated by nitric oxide (NO) system. Thus, in this study, we investigated interaction between corticosterone and NO on anxiety behaviors in mice in elevated plus maze (EPM).

Materials & Methods: In this experimental study male albino mice (25-30 g) were used. A standard EPM was used to determine anxiety behaviors. Two behavioral measures were used that include of the percentage of time spent in the open arms and the ratio of open arm entries to total entries during 5 min. Animals received IP injection of L-Name 30 mg/kg as an inhibitor or L-Arginine 50 mg/kg as a synthesis of NO or saline 60 min and corticosterone (1, 2.5, 5 mg/kg) 30 min before of evaluation.

Results: Analysis of data indicated that corticosterone at doses of 1 and 2.5, but not 5 mg/kg significantly reduced anxiety behavior in mice (P<0.05). Also pretreatment of L-Name potentiate but injection of L-Arginine had inhibition of corticosterone effects (P<0.05).

Conclusion: This study revealed that glucocorticoid induces anxiolytic effects and these effects probably potentiate by NO inhibitor and reduced by NO synthesis. Therefore, it seems that there are interaction between of glucocorticoid and NO system for control of anxiety behaviors.

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Background & Objective: Destructive effects of ethanol consumption have been confirmed on several organs of the body. Nevertheless, classic research which has been done on kidney in this field had less attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate of ethanol effects on light microscopic structure of Mice kidneys. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, Balb/c strain mice, equally 40 males and females, weighing 30-35 grams were divided in two equal experimental and control groups randomly. The Mice in control and expermented groups further divided in two sub groups. One sub group received 1mg/gr body weight daily of ethanol for one month, intraperitoneally and other sub group received 1mg/gr body weight of ethanol for two months, intraperitoneally. Control groups divided in two sub groups and Mice received daily salin with same volume as experimental groups. Then, the Mice have been anesthetized and sacrificed and then, subsequently kidneys were removed. Routine histological methods and Hematoxylin and Eosin staining were done. Slides were observed by light microscope. Results: In experimental group, Mice which received ethanol for one month, interstitial bleeding and inflammatory cells infiltration in cortical zone of kidney was observed. In Mice which received ethanol for two months, we observed massive and concentrated lymphoblastic infiltration, especially on deep medulla around the blood vessels with extending to calyxes and pelvis of the kidney. No histological changes were observed in control groups. Conclusion: This study showed that the intraperitoneal injection of ethanol cause progressive destruction effects on cortex and medulla of the kidney. These effects depend on duration of ethanol consumption.

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Background & Objective: Although many experimental studies provide convincing evidence, that type II immunity is protective against helminthes, recent data in mice reveal that Th1 are also important in some cestods like Hymenolepis nana. To reveal the role of Th1 and Th2 lymphocyte in immunity against H.nana, the levele of IL12, IFNγ, IL5, IL13 was determined in serum of human infected with H.nana. Materials & Methods: In a case control study in 2006 in Mazandaran Medical Sciences university a total of 31 patients (case) with H.nana infection and 30 clinical healthy people (control) were included in this study. Measurment of IL12, IFNγ, IL13 and IL5 in serum samples were performed by solid-phase sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbant assay. Differential leukocyte count also was done. T test, mannwhitney test and wilcoxan W test were used for data analysis. Results: The mean concentration of IFNγ, IL13, IL12, IL5 in the sera of patient with H.nana infection were higher than control group, but only the difference between concentration of IFNγ (P<0.05) and IL13 (P<0.05) in two groups were significant. There was an increase in percentage of monocytes, Eosinophils and lymphocytes in patient when compared to the control group, but this increase was not significant. Conclusion: Results form the present study are in agreement with experimental study in that both Th1 and Th2 responses occurs in H.nana infection.

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Background & Objective: Viral gastroenteritis is associated with significant cause of morbidity and is a common cause of hospitalization in worldwide. This study was performed to assess the role of rota, adeno and astroviruses in children presenting with acute diarrhea in the main Children's Medical Hospital in Babol-Iran. Materials & Methods: Stool specimens from 208 children suffering from diarrhea were tested for the presence of rota, adeno and astroviruses by ELISA test during Winter 2004 to Autumn 2005. Data were then analyzed by the Chi-square and Fisher exact test with SPSS-10 software. Results: Rota, adeno and astrovirus antigens were detected in 61.1%, 2.9% and 2.4% of patients. Infants between 6 and 12 months of age were most frequently affected with rotavirus (29.8%), (p<0.05). Rotavirus infection was significantly less frequent in summer and spring than winter and autumn (p<0.05). Fever and vomiting were present in 55.1% and 51.7% of children, respectively. There was not significant correlation between rotavirus infection and gender of patients. Conclusion: This study showed that rotavirus can be regarded as a major etiologic agent of winter acute diarrhea in children under 2-years old in Babol. Therefore, it is suggested to provide proper vaccination to immunize the children.