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Showing 262 results for No
Mohammad Pourmehdi , Mohammad Hadi Gharib , Ehsan Fattahi , Rouzbeh Shams Amiri ,
Volume 27, Issue 4 (12-2025)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The sphenoid sinus is one of the four paranasal sinuses located within the sphenoid bone and plays a crucial role in pituitary gland surgeries. This sinus is in close proximity to vital structures, including the internal carotid artery and the optic nerve. This study was conducted to radiologically evaluate sphenoid sinus anatomical characteristics using computed tomography (CT) scans of patients referring to selected imaging centers in Gorgan, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 180 patients (100 females and 80 males; mean age = 35.69±13.07 years) referring for paranasal sinus CT scans or head and neck CT scans, prescribed by a specialist physician, to the Fifth Azar Educational-Therapeutic Center and Izadi Imaging Center in Gorgan, Iran, during July and August 2020. The sphenoid sinus volume and anatomical characteristics, including the type of pneumatization, presence of septa, and carotid canal protrusion and adhesion, were examined via CT imaging.
Results: Regarding the frequency distribution of sinus types based on the site of pneumatization, 151 cases (83.8%) were postsellar, 25 (13.8%) were sellar, and 4 (2.2%) were presellar. The mean volume of the left sinus and the total sinus volume were significantly higher in men than in women (P<0.05). Carotid canal adhesion to the sphenoid sinus was observed in 20 patients (11.1%). No significant statistical difference was found between genders regarding the distribution of carotid canal adhesion, presence of accessory septa, or carotid canal protrusion. Similarly, the pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process, pterygoid process, and the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid showed no gender-based significant differences. A significant statistical correlation was observed between left carotid protrusion and the pneumatization of the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid, as well as pterygoid and anterior clinoid processes (P<0.05). On the right side, this correlation was not present with the pneumatization of the lesser wing. Regarding carotid canal adhesion, a significant correlation was only found with the pneumatization of the left pterygoid process (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The most common form of the sphenoid sinus was the postsellar type, and the mean total and left sinus volumes were greater in men. Gender was not found to be a reliable predictor for the extensive variations and high diversity of the sphenoid sinus anatomical characteristics.
Mohammad Khajenouri , Masoud Fereidoni ,
Volume 27, Issue 4 (12-2025)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Stroke is considered one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. Excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and oxidative/nitrosative stress resulting from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion lead to cell death, cerebral edema, and cognitive-behavioral impairments, such as deficits in short-term and long-term memory. This study was conducted to determine the effect of minocycline on behavioral-cognitive impairments induced by global cerebral ischemia.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 56 male Wistar rats (weighing 220–280 g) at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The animals were randomly assigned to the following groups: Control, solvent, surgery, surgery + solvent + ischemia/reperfusion, surgery + ischemia/reperfusion, and minocycline-treated groups (administered intraperitoneally at doses of 11.25, 22.50, and 45 mg/kg/bw). At specified intervals following the surgical induction of global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, a surgery procedure and a carotid artery occlusion method were employed for 20 minutes. Following a 30-minute interval post-procedure, the drug or solvent was injected intraperitoneally on day 0. These injections continued for seven consecutive days at a fixed time each day. On day 7, anxiety-like behavior was assessed using the open-field test. Subsequently, the Y-maze test was utilized to evaluate short-term memory, while the Morris water maze (MWM) test was employed to assess spatial long-term memory and reversal memory in the following days.
Results: In the Y-maze test, ischemia culminated in a 33% decrease in short-term memory performance (P<0.05). Minocycline at doses of 22.50 and 45 mg/kg/bw improved short-term memory by 20% and 25% compared to the ischemia group, respectively (P<0.05). In the open-field test, ischemia caused a 66% decrease in time spent in the center of the field, indicating increased anxiety (P<0.05). Minocycline at a dose of 45 mg/kg/bw reduced anxiety by 32% compared to the ischemia group (P<0.05). In the MWM test, ischemia significantly increased the time to find the platform on days 2 and 4 (P<0.05). Minocycline at doses of 22.50 and 45 mg/kg/bw significantly decreased the time to find the platform (P<0.05). In the reversal phase of the MWM test, ischemia led to a decline in long-term memory performance (P<0.05), while minocycline at doses of 11.25, 22.50, and 45 mg/kg/bw significantly improved performance (P<0.05). In the probe trials, ischemia reduced the time spent in the target quadrant by 54% in probe 1 and 47% in probe 2 (P<0.05). Minocycline at 45 mg/kg/bw increased the time spent in the target quadrant by 45% in probe 1 and 34% in probe 2 (P<0.05). No statistically significant changes in motor activity were observed between the groups.
Conclusion: Minocycline, particularly at doses of 22.50 and 45 mg/kg, significantly improves cognitive function, memory, and anxiety without inducing motor activity impairments following cerebral ischemia.
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