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Background and Objective: HIV treatment influences the global health and finding new compounds against HIV virus is increased. This study was done to evaluate anti-HIV activity of 8-phenyl-4-quinolone derivatives containing different substituents at position 3.

Methods: In this descriptive study, single cycle replicable (SCR) HIV Virions were produced by co-transfecting HEK 293T cells with pmzNL4-3, pSPAX.2, pMD2.G plasmids. HeLa cells were infected with the SCR virions and then inhibit of virus replication by compounds were measured by p24 Antigen with ELISA kit. The cytotoxicity of these compounds on HeLa cells were measured by XTT method.

Results: All compounds including NPZ_4F, NPZ-2F, NPZ-4CL and NPZ-2CL had the best inhibitory effect at a concentration of 100µM with the inhibition rate of respectively 51%, 48%, 33%, and 25%, respectively. The compounds of NPZ-4F and NPZ-2CL had negligible cellular toxicity and have inhibited HIV replication at the highest concentration. This issue can make them a valuable compound since they are better compounds in therapeutic terms, which at a suitable concentration, they have the lowest rate of cellular toxicity and highest power to inhibit HIV replication.

Conclusion: Novel compounds derived from 8-phenyl-4-quinolone containing different substituents at position 3 can prevent HIV replication which is capable of high anti-viral and low cellular toxicity and suitable candidates for further investigation in antiviral studies.

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Background and Objective: Oxaliplatin is the main agent used in the treatment of colorectal cancers. Oxaliplatin inhibits DNA replication and transcription and to induce apoptosis or necrosis in cancer cells and rapidly dividing cell lines. This study was designed to determine the effect of Oxaliplatin on sperm parameters of 60 days old offspring during pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and lactation period in mice.
Methods: In this experimental study, 32 female NMRI mature mice were randomly allocated into 4 groups. Animals in control group were received 0.2 ml saline intraperitoneally (IP) during 21 days of pre-pregnany, pregnancy and lactation periods. Animals in experimental groups including pre-pregnant, pregnant and lactation groups were received 3 mg/kg oxaliplatin trice a week IP during 21 days before mating, during pregnancy and lactation periods, respectively. At the 60th postnatal day, all the male offspring were euthanized and sperm samples were obtained. Analysis of sperm parameters including count, motility, vitality, maturation and DNA integrity was done.
Results: Sperm count, motility and DNA integrity were significantly reduced in all three groups of Pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and lactation in comparison with control group (P<0.05). Moreover, the percentage of immature and dead sperms were significantly increased in oxaliplatin groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Admistration of oxaliplatin induces adverse effect on sperm quality in perinatal period. The greatest effect of this drug is on lactation period. Also, by increasing the time interval for oxaliplatin administration in mice to puberty of offspring, the adverse effects of this drug on the quality of sperm parameters are reduced.

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Background and Objective: Sedentary life and vitamin D deficiency are considered as related factors to increased inflammation and oxidative stress in obese individuals. This study was performed to determine the effect of Pilates training with vitamin D supplement on Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in overweight men.
Methods: In this single-blind clinical trial, 56 overweight men were randomly assigned to control, Pilates, vitamin D and combination groups. The Pilates training was performed for 8 weeks with the intensity of 50-75% of reserve heart rate, 3sessions/week. The vitamin D and combination groups received 50,000 units of vitamin D per week. The levels of MCP1 and SOD activity were in the first and 8 weeks after interventions.
Results: Vitamin D status in subjects was lower than normal level. MCP-1 level in Pilates, vitamin D and combination groups significantly reduced and SOD activity increased after 8 weeks (P<0.05), but the combined intervention had a stronger effect on the modulation of MCP-1 level and SOD activity compared to the other two interventional groups (P<0.05). In addition, the effect of Pilates exercises on increasing SOD activity was more than vitamin D intake (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that Pilates training and Vitamin D intake can be exert their protective effects in overweight individuals with abnormal vitamin D status by an increase on the SOD activity and decreasing the inflammatory index of MCP-1. Although these effects developed with combined intervention, Pilate training was associated with greater increases in antioxidant levels than vitamin D.
 

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Background and Objective: Hypoxia is one of the most common clinical stresses that occur during pregnancy, which has adverse effects on fetal development. Fish oil, with its antioxidant properties, prevents fetal disorders during pregnancy. This study was conducted to determine the effects of fish oil on apparent congenital abnormalities and fetal dimensions caused by hypoxia during gestation in rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 36 female pregnant Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of control, hypoxia, fish oil 0.5 ml, fish oil 1 ml, hypoxia+fish oil 0.5 ml, and hypoxia + fish oil 1 ml. Fish oil was administered by gavage, and the hypoxia model was established between 6 and 15 days of gestation by 3 hours of daily exposure to 10% oxygen and 90% nitrogen. On the 20th day of pregnancy, the embryos were removed from the uterus. First, the number of obtained embryos from each group was counted. Then, in terms of apparent abnormalities, the number of live fetuses and fetal resorption was evaluated. Finally, the length and weight of the fetuses were measured.
Results: The frequency of embryos with apparent abnormalities in the hypoxia and control groups was 18.18% and nil, respectively. The frequency of fetal resorptions in the hypoxia and control groups was 27.27% and 1.92%, respectively. Moreover, fetal weight and length were significantly reduced in the hypoxia group compared with the control group (P<0.05). However, the average weight and length of fetuses in the hypoxia groups receiving fish oil showed a significant increase compared to the hypoxia group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Hypoxia during pregnancy in rats reduces fetal body dimensions and increases fetal abnormalities. However, fish oil can reduce the harmful effects of hypoxia on apparent congenital abnormalities and fetal body dimensions during pregnancy.
 

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Background and Objective: With the increase in the spread of COVID-19, mental health consequences such as fear, anxiety, and depression have become prevalent. This study aimed to investigate the predictive role of fear of COVID-19 and quarantine fatigue on depression in congenital heart disease patients during the pandemic.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 105 patients with congenital heart disease (6 men and 99 women) who were referred to Shahid Rajaee Hospitals and Tehran Heart Center during 2021-22. Data were collected using a depression scale, a fear scale for COVID-19, and a quarantine fatigue questionnaire.
Results: The results showed that 28.6% of patients with congenital heart disease experienced mild depression, while 7.6% had severe depression. Quarantine fatigue was found to be mild in 43.8% of patients. Additionally, fear of COVID-19 (r=0.195, P=0.001) and quarantine fatigue (r=0.617, P=0.001) were significantly correlated with depression in congenital heart patients.
Conclusion: Fear of COVID-19 is related to depression caused by coronavirus and quarantine fatigue in patients with congenital heart disease.
 

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Background and Objective: Exercise training and Zataria multiflora have a positive effect on health and can modulate cardiovascular risk factors. Adipose tissue-derived factors such as ANGPTL8 and adhesive molecules play an important role in exerting the pathological effects of obesity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance-endurance exercise training combined with Zataria multiflora ingestion on the levels of ANGPTL8, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in sedentary overweight and obese men.
Methods: In this clinical trial study, 40 sedentary overweight and obese men (with an average body mass index of 28.41±1.75 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to four groups with 10 subjects each. The groups included placebo, Zataria multiflora, training, and training + Zataria multiflora. The exercise training was combined training consisting of resistance-endurance exercise, conducted three times per week over eight weeks. Zataria multiflora supplement consumption was set at 500 mg daily. Blood sampling was conducted before and after the eight-week intervention, and the levels of ANGPTL8, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 were measured using the ELISA method.
Results: A significant decrease in serum levels of ANGPTL8 was observed in the training and training + Zataria multiflora groups compared to the placebo and Zataria multiflora groups (P<0.05). A decrease in serum ICAM-1 levels was significant in the training + Zataria multiflora group compared to the placebo group (P<0.05). Statistically significant decreases in serum VCAM-1 levels were observed in the training and training + Zataria multiflora groups compared to the placebo and training + Zataria multiflora groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Zataria multiflora consumption, along with combined training, can have a synergistic effect in decreasing ANGPTL8, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 levels.
 

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The rise in patients seeking corneal refractive surgery, despite having systemic autoimmune diseases, underscores the need for special considerations when treating these individuals. Recent studies have expanded our knowledge in identifying and evaluating autoimmune disorders and their potential side effects in the results of corneal refractive surgery with laser. This study briefly examines the pathogenic factors, clinical aspects, and possible complications in patients with systemic autoimmune disorders subjected to these surgeries. In total, 132 articles were selected for this research among the reviewed studies. Considering that the release of various cytokines caused by systemic autoimmune disorders can lead to destructive corneal consequences, the need for early diagnosis before any laser surgery for refractive errors seems essential. Although procedures such as LASIK and PRK are commonly performed on patients with autoimmune disorders, important considerations must be made. Studies have not yet confirmed definitive contraindications to laser refractive surgery for autoimmune disorders.

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Background and Objective: Obesity is a well-known public health problem that affects people of all ages. It has myriad effects on several body tissues, including the thyroid, in both human and animal models. Some treatments, such as dietary modification and physical activity, may be effective or ineffective in reducing obesity. Accordingly, the present research investigated the effects of obesity on thyroid tissue and the impact of diet modification and aerobic exercises on histopathological and hormonal changes in the thyroid tissue of obese male rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, for obesity induction, 50 three-week-old male Wistar rats were exposed to a high-fat diet (including 40% fat, 40% protein, and 20% carbohydrate) for 12 weeks. Then, 25 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: healthy control, obese + high-fat diet, obese + normal diet, obese + high-fat diet + aerobic, obese + normal diet + aerobic. After the induction of obesity, 2 groups were given a standard diet (including 20% fat, 10% protein, and 70% carbohydrates). Aerobic exercises for 8 weeks included 30 minutes per day, 8 m/min, and 5 days per week. After anesthesia, an autopsy was performed, and the thyroid tissue was sent to the laboratory for histopathological studies. Also, 5 cc of blood was taken to study TSH, T3, and T4 using a radioimmunoassay kit.
Results: The serum levels of TSH hormone increased slightly in the high-fat diet groups compared to the control group and the normal diet with/without aerobic activity group. Also, the amount of T3 hormone in the group receiving a normal diet along with aerobic activity was significantly lower than in the control, high-fat diet, and high-fat diet along with aerobic activity groups (P<0.05). The T4 hormone increased significantly in all obesity groups compared to the control group (P<0.05), and these values were at the level of the control group (P<0.05) only in the group receiving the normal diet along with aerobic activity. Regarding the histopathological results, many changes were found in the follicular, parafollicular, and follicle cells of the thyroid tissue in the obesity group continuing the high-fat diet; these changes were significantly reduced in the groups for which the diet was changed to the normal diet alone and with aerobic activity.
Conclusion: Induction of obesity causes significant structural and biochemical changes in the thyroid, and the combination of diet modification and aerobic activity is more effective in alleviating these changes.