---

---

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of total extract of Phytolacca Decandra on electrophysiological properties of atrioventricular node. Male rat heart after isolation was attached to a Langendorff perfusion system. The stimulation protocol was carried out during control condition (No intervention) and on the presence of selected concentration (1.10-7 %w/v, 2.10-7 %w/v, 5.10-7 %w/v) of Phytolacca Decandra. The basic (Wenchebach, AVCT and ERP) and functional (Recovery) properties of AV-node were studied in solated, perfused male rat cardiac preparations. Total extract of P.decandra significantly increased WBCL, AVCT and ERP in the concentration dependent manner, but had no significant effect on the time constant of recovery. The results of this study demonstrate that total extract of P.decandra had parasympathic-like effect on time-independent properties of AV-node and the above results also showed a potential anti-arrhythmic role of P.decandra in terminating supraventricular tachyarrhythmia.

---

The treatment of supraventricular arrhythmia include wide range of medical intervention, but ideal drug for treatment of this kind of arrhythmia is yet to be developed. Pharmacological interventions due to their adverse side effects and the possibility of proarrhythmic effects are usually ineffective in treating these conditions. Herbal remedies are suitable alternatives for synthetic drugs, due to their availability, minimal side effects and lower price. Pharmacological studies and traditional medical literature point to the cardiovascular effects of the Achillea Santolina in many instances. In present study, we used isolated heart of langandrof rats as an experimental model to determine the effect of various concentrations of the methanol extract of Achillea santolina (2×10^-7, 2×10^-9, 2×10^-10 W/V) on the electrophysiological properties of the isolated heart. Results of this study show a significant depression of WBCL, AVCT and ERP and non-significant increased in time constant of recovery (trec). It may be therefore be considered a potential role for anti-arrhythmic effect of Achillea Santolina in suppression or treating supraventricular tachyarrhythmia.

---

Background & Objective: Atopic diseases are one of the most common chronic conditions in children. A population based matched study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of atopic diseases and this study used to identify its correlations in primary school children aged 6-12 years in Shiraz (Southern Iran). Materials & Methods: This case-control study was carried out in 2228 primary school children. The children were selected using 2-stage random sampling from the 4 educational distrincts of for each child. The consultant physician examined the children with positive result. After diagnosis of eczema, utricaria and allergic rhinitis control groups were selected by using matching method (Age, sex, school). The correlations of atopic diseases were determined by conditional logestic regression. Results: The most important results were as follow: Prevalence of diagnosed allergic rhinitis, utricaria and eczema in primary school children estimated in order 5.2% (Boys: 5.2% & girls: 5.12%), 3.6% (Boys: 3.57% & girls: 3.7%) and 1.6% (Boys: 1.53% & girls: 1.7%). There was no significant association between atopic diseases and birth order, social class, parent’s education, parent’s smoking and period of breast-feeding. An increased risk of childhood atopic diseases were associated with familiar history of allergic rhinitis (P<0.05), familiar history of utricaria (P<0.05) and familiar history of eczema (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our study confirmed that familiar atopic diseases were significant predictors of childhood allergic rhinitis, utricaria and eczema among school children in Shiraz.

---

Background & Objective: Addiction threatens the foundation of society and families. Addiction also causes a lot of material and spiritual losses. The addicted people are susceptible to infections with low resistance against disease. The aim of this project is to investigate the immunoglobin serum level in the Opium addicted and compare it with people whom addict to anything including cigarette. Materials & Methods: In this study 5 cc of blood was taken from each of 150 addicts and 150 healthy people of the same age and sex. Third blood serums were then separated and their immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A were determined by SRID method. Results: Mean±SD of IgM in healthy and addicted subjects were 123±32.85 mg/dl and 109.5±47.28 mg/dl, respectively (P<0.05). Mean±SD of IgG in healthy and addicted subjects were 1008±354.38 mg/dl and 1307.2±291.07 mg/dl, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that the average amounts of IgG, IgM are lower significantly in addict’s compare to healthy results from the other studies in other countries has a good correlation with the finding from present research.

---

Background & Objective: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is one of the important causes of newborn mortality. The aim of this study is to determine the pregnancy outcome and Corticosteroid effects for prevention prophylaxis in pregnant women with premature labor between 34-37 weeks gestational age. Materials & Methods: This semi experimental single blind clinical trial study was performed on hundred 34-37 weeks pregnant women who were referred with labor pain or rupture of membrane. These women divided in 2 almost similar case and control groups. The control group received 5 mg Dexamethasone 6 hours to delivery time (Maximum 4 doses). Data was entered to SPSS and analyzed by Chi-square and T-test. Results: There wasn’t any significant difference between administration of Dexamethasone and incidence of RDS in 34-37 weeks newborn (P=0.6). The frequency of RDS was similar in 2 groups (In all women: 4%) the mean weight of newborns with RDS diagnosis was 2675±263. 76% of women had vaginal delivery. The mean weight of newborn was 2672 gr and mean gestational age was 35.4 weeks. Conclusion: The frequency of RDS in newborn with 34-37 weeks gestational age was 4% and administration of one or more Dexamethasone had no effect on reduction it.

---

Background&Objective: The Failure progress of labor is the second indication for cesarean delivery after repeat section. It is generally agreed that dystocia leading ro cesarean delivery is overdiagnosed in the world. Variability in the criteria for diagnosis is major determinant of the increase in cesarean deliveries for dystocia. This study was identified dystocia with comparison with the criteria obstetrics standards and determined the cause's effects of incorrect diagnosis. Materials&Methods: A descriptive analytic case-control study was performed on 1212 women who experienced cesarean delivery in Yahyanegad hospital of Babol a city in North of Iran during 2004. We compared criteria of diagnosis of dystocia among 248 women whome were operated with dystocia with criteria that were proposed by American college of obstetricians and gynecologis. Also, we compared 118 women with correct diagnosis with 130 women with incorrect diagnosis to identify causes of incorrect diagnosis. Statistical test 2, t-Test and multiple logistic regressions were used to analysis of data. Results: Dystocia was diagnosed during latent phase, active phase and second stage respectively: %64.9, %29.8 and %5.3. The strogenst predictor of incorrect diagnosis of dystocia was the lack of administration of oxytocine. Other independent risk factors for failure of labor to progress, using a multivariable analysis, were: performing of cesarean in morning (OR=2.8 %95 CI 2.1 –3.5), performing of cesarean in afternoon (OR = 2.6 %95 CI 1.3-3), nulliparity (OR=2.1 %95 CI 1.7-3.2), incorrect clinical estimation of fetal macrosomia (OR= 2.3 %95 CI 1.5-2.9). Conclusion: %50 accuracy of failure of labor progress according to obstetrics standards implies that there is overdiagnosis in the dystocia. This study proposes that obstetricans should be managed conservatively protract dilatation in the patients to prevent of incorrect diagnosed dystocia cesarean. Active management of labor with accurate administration of oxytocine and amniotomy is another strategy that may be help to decrease cesarean with diagnostic dystocia.

---

Background & Objective: Examinations are among the most important stressors in schools and universities that result to psycho physiological outcomes but these effects on children has not been paid much attention. This study was done to determine the effect of stress of final examinations on the activation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (change of salivary cortisol) and autonomous nervous system (pulse rate) in children. Materials & Methods: A total of 100 children (50 boys, 50 girls) in 5th grade aged less than 12 years from two primary schools of five educational district in Tehran were chosen randomly. The subjects completed Adolescent’s Eysenck personality inventory. Physical and mental health was reviewed the medical history, clinical examinations and after controlling sleep, food, drug and sport variables, salivary samples and pulse rates were taken five times as follows: once a week before and then three times through mathematics, history and science exams and once a week after passing the exams at 9 to 10 am .Salivary cortisol samples were analysed by ELISA method. Results: Cortisol levels increased significantly during examinations in compare with cortisol levels before and after examinations. Depending to sex, psychoticism, neuroticism and extroversion –introversion variables, only the effect of psychoticism and extroversion –introversion are statistically significant (P<0.05). Also repeated analysis of variance for pulse rate indicated the increase rate of later factor (P<0.05). Conclusion: Final examinations as a stressor resource increase salivary cortisol and pulse rates of children. Personality factors can modulate the effect of examinations on salivary cortisol. Sex also modulates pulse rates increasing during academic examinations.

---

Background&Objective: People with cancer commonly experience a range of symptoms, including pain and various types of physical and emotional distress. One of important roles of health care providers is managing these complications. The aim of this study was to the evaluation of Therapeutic Touch on hospitalized cancerous females suffering from pain. Materials&Methods: This quasi-experimental study performed on cancerous females hospitalized in Imam Khomeini hospital at Tehran. It was performed on 3 groups (case, placebo, control) 30 female with different cancers were selected, matched and then divided in 3 groups: the case group received five 20-25-minute session of therapeutic touch, the placebo group 5 ten-minute session with no energy exchange and no intervention for control group. Data gathered by two tools include: demographic questionnaire and Visual Analog Scale of Pain (0-10). Pain severity was measured before and after intervention Data was analyzed by SPSS-11.5 using ANOVA, Repeated measurement analysis variance (Wilks lambda test), qui-square and TUKEY tests. Results: The means of pain score in case, placebo and control groups before intervention was 3.8, 4.1 and 4.16 and after intervention 0.8, 6.4, 4.2 respectively. There was significant difference between 3 groups in pain severity during using ANOVA and repeated measurement analysis variance (Wilks lambda test) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the above findings, Therapeutic touch as a non invasive procedure, and non pharmacologic procedure was recommended for relive pain in cancerous females.

---

Background&Objective: Staphylococcus aurues is on important cause of community and hospital- aquired infections. Caused by methicillin or oxacillin- resistant s.aureus (MRSA) are mainly nosocomial and are increasingly from many countries word wide. Many attempt have been made by the reasearchers to find new compounds as a subsitute for this antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of alcoholic extracts of 20 medical plants species of Golestan provience on clinical and standard strains of MRSA and MSSA and comprative and detect the best medical plant. Materials&Methods: In this study the compunds of the plant were extracted by percolation method and the effect of ethanolic extract of 20 Iranian medical plants against methicillin resistant and methicillin sensitve strains were assessed by disc diffusion method and each test were repeated 3 times and mean inhibition zone were recorded and then, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts, that show good inhibition zone in disc diffusion method, was determined by the micro broth dilution method. Results: The results of antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extracts of 20 plants revealed that, the ethamlic extracts of 8 plants have the best effect on strains and the maximum mean inhibition zone was 22.4 mm and the lowest MIC of plants was 0.01 mg/ml. Conclusion: The result of this study indicate that, ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus. Global, Peganum.hermla, Punica.granatum, Berberis.vulgaris, Ttamarixaphylla, Nnigella.sativa, Hypericum.perforatum AND, Artemisia. Herbaalba have the best antibacterial effect against MRSA andMSSA. The result obtained from these plants might be considered sufficent for further study.

---

Background&Objective: Synaptosomes as an In Vitro model have unique properties. So, general method of preparation and their applications in studying presynaptic mebrane proteins are introduced. Materials&Methods: This study was done by using five rats and in every examples. Synaptosomes were prepared from rat cerebellum. In order to verify structurally and functionally, biochemical, morphological and their response to depolarization were tested. Results: Lactate dehydrogenize activity rised after exposure to detergent 9±1.8 (n=5). 15 mM K+-evoked depolarization increased synaptosomal exogenous neurotransmitter release 3±0.76 (n=5) times, compared to the basal state. Plasma membrane, mitochondrion and synaptic vesicles were observed in electron micrographs. Conclusion: Application of synaptosomal samples may provide useful information in both basic and clinical researches because it is efficient and can easily be prepared, even from human tissues.

---

Background & Objective: Anovulation is one of the most common causes of infertility and the increasing use of induction ovulation agents for treatment of these patients has been increased. This study was done to evaluate of neonatal outcome in pregnancies after ovarian stimulation in comparisons with spontaneous pregnancy.

 

Materials & Methods: In this descriptive analytic study, 398 pregnant women admitted to teaching Hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences from Nov 2004-Apr 2005 were assessed for neonatal outcomes. We compared the rate of multiple pregnancy, gestational age, birth weight, agars score of first and fifth minutes, apparent congenital anomalies, neonatal early death and the days of neonatal hospitalization at NICU in two groups of induction ovulation and spontaneous pregnancy. The data were analyzed by c2 and t student test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

 

Results: From 398 pregnant women, 95 patients were pregnant after ovulation induction and 303 patients had spontaneous pregnancy. There was significant differences between two groups including: Multiple pregnancy, first minutes and fifth-minutes. Apgar scores, head circumference and admission in NICU (P<0.05). There was also effective dependence between induction ovulation and multiple pregnancy on premature delivery. The early neonatal death and apparent congenital anomalies had no significant differences between two groups.

 

Conclusion: We concluded that neonatal outcome of ouvlatory induced pregnancies is more unfavorable which probably is due to the multiple pregnancy premature delivery and maternal infertility background.

---

Background & Objective: Menopause effect on women quality of life and mental health. This study performed to determine the effect of supportive group therapy on menopause mental health condition in Sharekord.

 

Materials & Methods: This study is a quasi experimental research. 46 menopause women who had research condition divided in case and control group. We used GHQ28 and demographic questionnaire in 3 stages for data gathering. group therapy session perform for case group. Data was analysed with SPSS soft ware and analyctic and descriptive statistic index such as Paired T and correlation exam.

 

Results: After group therapy in all dimention performed, significant progress in case group (p<0.05). In addition there was significant difference between case and control group in mental health score after group therapy (p<0.05). There is no any correlation between demographic variable with mental health condition.

 

Conclusion: This study showed effectiveness of group therapy in mental health condition of menopause women. We recommend to use this method routinely for menopause women.

---

Background & Objective: Hinosan is an organophosphate that inhibit acetylcolinesterase activity, which could be resulted in damages of genital organs. This compound has been used extensively in the agriculture, for pest control. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the effect of Hinosan on spermatogenesis in mice.

Materials & Methods: For this experimental study, the male mice were divided into three groups. In the cases group, mice were injected with Hinosan consecutive doses (20mg/kg i.p, five consecutive days per week for one month), sham (normal saline) and control (no injection). Animals were scarified 7 days after the latest Hinosan injection. Therefore, the mice testis sections were prepared and morphologic aspects of testis and spermatogenesis processes were examined. Data were analyzed using of one-way ANOVA. Significance was set at P<0.05.

Results: The Hinosan showed a significant decrease in number of germ cells, spermatocyt, spermatids, Leydig cells, blood vessels and also diameter of seminiferous on testes of the mice decreased, compared with control groups (P<0.05).

Conclusion: This study demenstrated that Hinosan is effective on spermatogenesis and seminiferous tubule structure, also can decrease germinal cells.

---

Background and Objective: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common inherited disorder in Caucasian populations caused by mutation in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The type of mutations and their distributions varies widely between different countries and/or ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to characterize mutations involved in this disease in Mazandaran province, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study thirty unrelated Iranian cystic fibrosis patients were screened for deltaF508, N1303K, G542X, R347H and W1282X mutations in the CFTR gene using Reverse Dot Blot method during 2004-06. This technique uses biotinilated PCR products for simultaneous hybridization with several normal and mutant probes specific to known mutations fixed on Biodyne C membranes. Results: DeltaF508 mutation was found in 13 (21.66%) alleles. 6 patients were homozygote and one was compound heterozygote for this mutation. Conclusion: These findings reveal an important heterogeneity of CFTR gene mutations in Mazandaran Province. Thus regarding the relative low rate of detectable mutations, it is necessary to undertake larger studies for molecular diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in this province.

---

Background and Objective: Leptospirosis is a zoonosis that is more common in tropical and semitropical regions and is endemic in Guilan province. In endemic region, only a limited number of pathogenic serovars are common, characterization of them is very important step in detecting the main reservoir(s) of the disease. This study was performed to isolate leptospires from rice farms, irrigation canals and rivers of eastern part of flat area of Guilan province to detect main endemic serotypes of leptospirosis. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive and cross – sectional study samples were taken from 8 cities of the area of Guilan province, Noth of Iran between May to September of 2007. Two ml of any processed water sample was inoculated in liquid EMJH medium with 200µg/ml 5-flurouracil after filtration, were incubated in 30ºc for 3 monthes, and were checked by darkfiel microscopy every two weeks. All positive samples were serotyped by using 30 type antisera which were main representative of serogroups. Results: 47 0f 320 specimens were positive and 273 samples were negative. One saprophytic specie (Biflexa) including two serogroups (Andamana, and Semaranga) and three pathogenic species (Interrogans, Kireshnerii, and Boirgpetersenii) including 6 serogroups were detected Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, and canicola of interrogans, Hardjobovis and Sejroea of Borgpeterseni pecie, Grippotyphosa of Kircshneri. Non-pathogenic serogroups were found from surface water, but the pathogenic serogroup were detected only from rice farm water. Conclusion: The high incidence of leptospirosis in rual area concide with seasonal rice cultivation, which can be due to trafic of domestic animal in rice farms and elevation temprature, and activity of rice farm water with subsequent presence of pathogenic type and serotypes in rice farm.

---

Background and Objective: Previous studies have shown that vitamin D is involved in host immune response toward Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). The aim of this study was to determine if administration of vitamin D can improve treatment outcome and whether is able to increase the rate of sputum clearance of MTB in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 96 patients with lung tuberculosis in Ahvaz, Iran during 2008-09. The patients were 18>=years old with sputum positive for acid fast bacillus. Patients were placed in two equal groups as cases and controls. Cases were treated by standard anti TB regimen plus 800 IU/day vit D orally. Controls were treated only by standard anti TB regimen. Follow up sputum examination for presence AFB was performed at the end of month 1, 2, 3, 4 and treatment period. Data were analyzed in SPSS-16 by using descriptive statistics test, chi square and fisher exact test. Results: Mean±SD age of cases and controls was 39.1±17.8 and 38.3±17.6 years, respectively. Overall cure rate in case and control was 93.8% and 95.8% respectively, with no significant difference. The rate of negative sputum of cases in the end of months 1, 2, 3, 4 and treatment period was 66.7%, 78.5%, 93.8% and 93.8% respectively, and for controls was 35.4%, 66.7%, 91.7% and 95.8% respectively. There was significant difference between two groups in the end of first and second month (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that vitamin D as a supplemental drug does not improve the overall treatment outcome among lung TB patients, but it may be able to increase the rate of sputum clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

---

Background and Objective: Previous reports on the effect of treatment on the serum immunologic parameters in patients with infective endocarditis are controversial. This study was conducted to asses the serum levels of CRP (C-reactive protein), RF (rheumatoid factor) and CIC (circulatory immune complex) before and after treatment in patients with infective endocarditis. Materials and Methods: In this discriptive study 30 hospitalized patients with infective endocarditis in Razi Hospital in Ahvaz during 2006. Blood samples obtained before and after treatment. 2.5 cc of each sample were used for CRP and RF and remaining 2.5 cc preserved at -20ºC until CIC examination. CRP and RF were measured by using nephlometry and CIC was detected by immundiffusion method. The data were analyzed using SPSS-16 and t-student test. Results: Out of 30 patients, 26 (86.7%) were male. Mean age was 29.53±10.28years. The mean values of CIC, CRP and RF before and after treatment were 0.847, 72.38, 60.45 and 0.80, 44.1, 41.2, respectively. The means of CRP and RF before and after treatment were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that the serum level of CRP and RF reduce after effective treatments because most of the our patients were intravenous drug user, CRP and RF indeces may be useful measurment for treatment evaluation responses to infective endocarditis in these population.

---

Background and Objective: Using of laryngeal mask air way (LMA) was recommended for air way management in short duration elective surgeries. One of its side effects is the increasing of secretion of air way and subsequently laryngospasm. Anticholinergic drugs (hyoscine NBB and atropine) have been administrated to reduce of these side effects. This study was carried out to compare the atropin and hyoscine n-butylbromide (NBB) on hemodynamic and nausea and vomiting in anesthesia with laryngeal mask air way. Materials and Methods: In this randomized double- blind control trials, 100 patients (20-50 years) with class 1 and class 2 of Anesthesia, have been operated less than one hour under general anesthesia with LMA during 2007-08 in Beheshti hospital. These patients were divided to 2 groups every other one randomly with equal persons. After controlling the base of heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), both groups was administrated to premed according weight. Then 0.5mg/5ml atropine to the first group and 10mg/5ml hyoscine NBB (Buscopan) to the second group was injected and hemodynamic was controlled after two minutes. Anesthesia with thiopental sodium was induced and LMA was inserted. Then hemodynamic was controlled during the time. The amount of secretions of air way was investigated according to the numbers of suction at the end of surgery and after removing of LMA. The severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting was assessed with attention to need of patients to antiemetic until 6 hours. Data was analyzed statistically. Results: Antiemetic effect of atropin and hyoscine n-butylbromide (NBB) was similar. With mild secretions, moderate and sever antisialague effect of hyoscine NBB was 80%, 18% and 2% and in atropine group was 72%, 22% and 6% retrospectively. Heart rate increase (less of 20%) without rising MAP was obsered in two groups. Conclusion: This study showed that the effects of hyoscine and atropine in decreasing airway secretions, nausea and vomiting is similar.

---

Background and Objective: Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) by tuberculin skin test (TST) is accompaind with limitations. A few documented data exist regarding the performance of serology tests for LTBI diagnosis in HIV infection. The aim of this study was to determine LTBI prevalency and compare TST results and IgM antibodies against M.tuberculosis antigens (IAMA) for the diagnosis of LTBI in HIV infected individuals. Materials and Methods: In this discriptive study, sixty two HIV infected subjects were chosen randomly from an addict treatment center in Ahvaz southwest Iran during 2008. The patients underwent TST, using 5 TU of purified protein derivative, and IAMA was measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS-15 software and Chi-Square test. Results: From 62 studied cases, 34 (54.8%) had positive result for TST, whereas 6 (9.7%) had positive IAMA. LTBI was diagnosed in 37 (59.7%) by either TST or IAMA. Overall concordance between TST and IAMA was 45.2%. In subjects with positive test by either TST or IAMA, only 4.8% had positive test by either diagnostic procedure. Discordant results were found in 54.8% of subjects. Positive results for both diagnostic methods in subjects with above and below 200 CD4-cell/mm3 did not show any significant differences. Conclusion: This study showed that LTBI prevalence among HIV infected individuals among addict patients, in this region is higher than other parts of the world. Also TST is a useful test for LTBI diagnosis is preferable to IAMA method.