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Vulvar mass is not a common problem in youngester and adults. The common complains are such as, vaginal impairment, infections, trauma, and rape. One of the rare vulvar mass has been presented in this case report. The mass was totally removed and was sent to the pathology department for medical examination. The diagnosis of neurofibromatose was confirmed by the laboratory results.

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The treatment of supraventricular arrhythmia include wide range of medical intervention, but ideal drug for treatment of this kind of arrhythmia is yet to be developed. Pharmacological interventions due to their adverse side effects and the possibility of proarrhythmic effects are usually ineffective in treating these conditions. Herbal remedies are suitable alternatives for synthetic drugs, due to their availability, minimal side effects and lower price. Pharmacological studies and traditional medical literature point to the cardiovascular effects of the Achillea Santolina in many instances. In present study, we used isolated heart of langandrof rats as an experimental model to determine the effect of various concentrations of the methanol extract of Achillea santolina (2×10^-7, 2×10^-9, 2×10^-10 W/V) on the electrophysiological properties of the isolated heart. Results of this study show a significant depression of WBCL, AVCT and ERP and non-significant increased in time constant of recovery (trec). It may be therefore be considered a potential role for anti-arrhythmic effect of Achillea Santolina in suppression or treating supraventricular tachyarrhythmia.

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Urinary tract infection is common disease in pregnancy and most symptomatic infection with grate danger for fetus and mother’s. This study has been done to determine the prevalency of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women in Gorgan in 2000. Mid-stream urine from 900 pregnant women was obtained. Urine analysis and culture for all of them have been done and positive cultured (Isolated bacteria with 100000-colony count) was antibiogramed by Kerby Buer method. Out of 900 urine specimen 3.7% of samples had positive urinary tract infection. The common organism isolated was E.coli (33.3%), Coagulase negative, Staphylococci (30.3%) and Klebsiella (15.2%). There was not a significant correlation between age, pariety, pregnancy age, fresh urinary infection and asymptomatic bacteriuria but there was a significant and correlation kidney stone between bacteriuria. Anti-microbial sensitivity pattern demonstrates more sensitivity of strain with Amikacin and Gentamycin. Although prevalence of bacteriuria in this (3.7%) lower than other studies in this country but for their severe sequele. This phenomen should be taken into more consideration further investigation in other part of the country should be done to face the probable difficulties.

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Background & Objective: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are regarded as one of the most common infectious diseases. A remarkable percent of urinary tract infections are asymptomatic. In some cases of urinary tract infections, significant bacteriuria is not present. One the etiologic agents of culture negative genitourinary tract infections, which can be transmitted through intercourse, is Chlamydia Trachomatis. On the basis of high incidence of negative results of urine culture (Up to 60%) in patients suffering from UTI referring to Bou-Ali infectious hospital and taking into consideration the importance of genitourinary Chlamydial infections, we decided to study prevalence of Chlamydia Trachomatis in urine sample of patients with UTI referring to this hospital. Materials & Methods: This research was a descriptive study on the 320 patients referring to Bou-Ali infectious hospital in Zahedan, which were chosen by non-randomized sampling. One early morning urine sample was taken from these patients. After centrifugation, sediment of samples was used as antigen for Chlamy-check-I ELISA kits. Results: Out of 320 urinary specimens, 95 specimens (29.69%) were positive and 225 specimen (70.31%) were negative for Chlamydia Trachomatis. From 95 positive samples, 43 person (45.2%) were male and 52 person (54.73) were female. In both sexes the highest percent was related to 20-29 years old group. Conclusion: In accordance with above reported prevalence rate and bearing in mind the consequences of inappropriate treatment of Chlamydial infections (PID, infertility, extra uterus pregnancy, epididiomitis) the importance of precise treatment of Chlamydial infection and necessity of providing laboratory facilities for accurate and rapid diagnosis of Chlamydial infections in the area with high incidence of culture negative urine specimens is recommended.

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Background & Objective: Neural tube defect is one of the most important malformations of the newborns. The aim of this study was to investigate the rates of NTD, anencephaly, spina-bifida cystica, encephalocele and the relation of these abnormalities with sex, ethnicity, mother’s age and consanguineous marriage in north of Iran (Gorgan). Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 26280 birth in Dezyani Hospital in Gorgan during 1998-2001. Results: This study has showed that, the NTD rate was 3.08, 2.78 and 3.38 per 1000 in total, males and females, respectively, female to male ratio was 1.31. The rate of spina-bifida, anecephaly and encephalocele were 1.48, 1.48, 0.11 per 1000, respectively. In regard to different races, the rate was 6.78/1000, 4.76/1000 and 2.41/1000 among Turkmans, Systani and native Fars, respectively (P<0.05). The rate of NTD in the mothers under 20 years was 2.29/1000, in 20-34 years was 3.37/1000 and over 35 years was 2.54/1000. Interstingly, 29.6% of parents with affected newborns had consanguineous marriage. Conclusion: We concluded that there is a higher rate of NTD in this, area, that it might be due to race-ethnicity variations.

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Background & Objective: Studies about the prevalence of Celiac disease (CD) in western Asian countries are scarce and there is only one study on the prevalence of CD in healthy blood donors in Iran. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of CD in general population of the city of Sari in north of Iran. Materials & Methods: This was a descriptive study and the blood samples were obtained from 1438 person from general population (686 males, 752 females: Mean age 35.5 range 18-66 year) of the Sari which were selected by stratified randomized sampling method during 2003. Total serum IgA was measured in all and IgA-deficient cases were excluded. From this study all cases were analyzed for IgA tissue transglutaminase antibody (Human recombinant tTG). All persons who had a positive serology for tTG-Ab underwent small intestinal biopsy. The biopsy samples were classified according to modified Marsh criteria. Results: All of the samples had normal total IgA. 13 cases showed positive IgA-tTG Ab (6 males and 7 females, mean age 37.5 yrs). All subjects with positive serology except one of them were found to have small bowel biopsies compatible with gluten sensitive enteropathy. One of 13 had Marsh 0, 8/13 Marsh I, 3/13 Marsh II and 1/13 showed Marsh IIIa lesion. Conclusion: The minimum prevalence of gluten-sensitivity among general population in north of Iran is 1/120. This data confirms our study on healthy blood donors, which has published previously and is like of prevalence of Celiac disease in western countries. So Celiac disease is not a rare disease as it thought before in this area.

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Background & Objective: Post-general anesthesia urinary retention is a common and bothering complication. In this study prediction value of IPSS for post-general anesthesia urinary retention was evaluated. Materials & Methods: This prospective study include 100 male patients over 50 years old who were candidated for nenurologic and non-nenurological elective surgery without any urology and neurologic past medial history. IPSS was calculated for each patient. The patients were followed in post operative period for urinary retention. Results: 1.8% of patients who had mild symptoms (IPSS=0-7) had urinary retention in 2nd 24 hours of post-operative period, 20% of patients who had IPSS=8-19 and 53.3% of patients with IPSS=20-53 had urinary retention at same period (P<0.05). Conclusion: IPSS can predict postoperative urinary retention in elderly male patients. If severe symptoms by IPSS was encountered the patients and health care personals must be cautioned about possibility of postoperative urinary retention and if required urologic consulation.

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Background & Objective: The burden of psychiatric disorders in the developed countries has been identified by the screening questionnaires and standard clinical interviews at a high level, but the epidemiological studies of psychiatric disorders in our country are brief and their numbers are few. Providing essential mental health services to the people requires us to be knowledgeable about the present status of psychiatric disorders in the society. The objective of their research was to carry out the epidemiological study of the psychiatric disorders in the 18 years and above individuals in the urban and rural areas of Golestan province. Materials & Methods: 518 individuals selected through randomized clustered and systematic sampling methods from among the existing families of Golestan province and the schedule for affective disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) questionnaires completed by the clinical psychologist. The diagnosis of the disorders was based on DSM-IV classification criteria. Results: The results of the study showed that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province is 14.69%, which was 18.14% in the women, and 11.47% in the men. The mood and affective disorders respectively with 7.93 and 4.05% had the higher prevalence in the province. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in this study was 0.97%, neuro-cognitive disorders 1.16% and dissociative disorders 0.58%. In the group anxiety disorders, panic disorder with 4.05% of had the higher prevalence and in the group of affective disorder, major depression, hypomanic and manic disorder with 1.93. Conclusion: This study showed that 7.53% of individuals that were studied suffered from at least one of the psychiatric disorders. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province among the individuals in the age group of 41-55 years with 13.04%, separated or divorced individuals 50%, residents of urban areas 11.03%, illiterate individuals 12.75% and housewives 13.04% was more than other individuals in the sample. Being aware of this matter reveals the responsibility of the health policy makers and programmers, prevention, treatment and medical education more than before in relation to preparing application and executive plans in Golestan province for mental health.

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Background & Objective: Preeclampsia is a common complications of pregnancy it’s about 5-7% in pregnants and it may complicate mother or fetus which ends with death. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of the protein/creatinine ratio in prediction of 24-hour urine total among women with suspected preeclampsia. Materials & Methods: 60 women who were evaluated for suspected preeclampsia at ?24 weeks of gestation were studied prospectively in Deziani Hospital Gorgan. There was no concurrent or preexisting systemic disease. They were undergoing a 24-hour urine collection for the determination of proteinuria. A single voided urine specimen was obtained after completion of the 24-hour urine collection and analyzed for the P/C ratio. Results: The random urinary protein to creatinine ratios is strongly associated with the 24-hour total protein excretion (P<0.05, R=0.75). The best cut off of 0.5 yields a sensitivity of 47% and a specificity of 100%. Conclusion: The random urinary protein to creatinine ratio could replace the 24-hour urine collection as a simple, faster more useful method for the diagnosis of significant proteinuria.

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Background&Objective: Electromagnetic fields are present everywhere in our environment with various intensities, so, investigation about their effects on living organism is very important. The aim of this experiment study to investigate the effect of magnetic field on bone resorption, PTH and calcitonin concentration and their correlations. Materials&Methods: In this experimental research, 30 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 3 groups. Test group animals, were exposed to magnetic field (100µT, 50 Hz), 4 hours per day for a period of 42 days. Experimental condition for control-1 group was the same as test group, except that, they were not exposed. Animals of control-2 group were killed at the first day of experiment (day 0). Total left femoral bone calcium and phosphorus content and its fracture energy was measured at days 28 and 42 in control-1 and test group and on day 0 in control-2 group. However, serum calcium, phosphorus, PTH and calcitonin concentration were measured on day 0, the first day of exposure, and thereafter once per two weeks. Results: Total bone calcium content in test group was significantly lower than control-1 and 2 groups, and bone fracture energy showed a slightly decrease. On the other hand, serum calcium and phosphorus concentration increased significantly on 28th and 42nd days compared to day 0. There was a decrement in serum PTH concentration and increment in serum calcitonin concentration during the exposure period. Conclusion: Our results suggested that magnetic field could have a direct effect on bone resorption, and observed changes in PTH and calcitonin were in good correlation with serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations (negative feed back) and these changes also prevent further increase in bone resorption.

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Background&Objective: Low back pain (LBP) is common in youth, although `associated with chronic pain in adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of LBP in school children age 11-14. Materials&Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out on school children aged 11-14 in north of Iran. Using random multistage sampling 5000 children were selected. Demographic, mechanical and lifestyle data as well as the prevalence and LBP characteristics were collected by a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS (version11) software. Results: Of the original sample, 4813 (96.2%) children returned the questionnaire. Point, last month, last 6 months and annual prevalence were 15%, 14.4%, 15.6%, and 17.4%, respectively. LBP was significantly correlated with age (p<0.05), lifting (p<0.05), position and duration of watching TV, doing homework and duration of exercise (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that the prevalence of LBP in school children is relatively high. Further studies evaluating the effect of different preventive strategies to reduce the prevalence of LBP in school children is strongly recommended.

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Background&Objective: Due to side-effects of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy, the rapid diagnosis and its treatment is very important. The aim of this study is to determine gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) incidence in pregnant women. Materials&Methods: This survey is an analytic cross sectional study that evaluated 401 pregnant women in Babol Obstetrics Clinic. A Glucose Challenge Test (GCT) was done for all of the high risk women for diabetes in the first trimester and for other pregnant women in 24-28 gestational weeks. If GCT was positive (Blood sugar>135 mg/dl one hour after oral administration of 50gr Glucose), then a Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) was done. For women with a positive GTT, the diagnosis was GDM. Results: In 401 pregnant women with a mean age of 24.69±5.31 four patients had overt diabetes (1%). In another 397 women, a GCT was done and 44 women (11% of all patients) had a positive GCT and 19 patients (4.7% of all patients) had GDM of those with GDM 26.3% need insulin therapy in addition to a diabetic diet. We noted there was also a positive relation between age and impaired GCT (P<0.05). Conclusion: GCT is recommended as screening test in 24-28 gestational weeks for all pregnant women.

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Background&Objective: Cancer of the esophagus ranks among the 10 most frequent cancers in the world. As esophagus cancer belt is coincide with loess deposits belt of the world, So there is possibility of close relationship between loess deposits and certain endemic diseases such as esophagus Cancer. This study deals with Loess deposits with medical geology aspect toward diagnosis and prognosis. Materials&Methods: In this study sampling from loess deposits from East towards West of Golestan province has been done. Collected samples have been undergone diffraction X-ray (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) for determination of minerals, Surface morphology of minerals and chemical analysis for further studies respectively. Results: In mineralogical studies dominated minerals are quartz, feldspar and calcite. Clay minerals are illite and chlorite, which are about 9.3%. The amount of quartz is variable from 56.3 to 45.4. The grains sizes are decreasing from northeast to southwest. Chemical analysis of loess deposits contain Si, Al, K and Ca, which are related to presence of quartz, feldspar, calcite, illite and chlorite minerals. Conclusion: According to medical geology evidences, loess deposits of Golestan province could be considered due to the effects of clay minerals on biochemical cycle, chemical composition of loess deposit for its high silica percentage and direct relationship of grain size with ethiology of esophagus cancer incidence. As variation of esophagus cancer incidence in Golestan province in last 30 years indicates that still high percentage of esophagus cancer incidence which is reported in eastern of province is occurred on loess deposits.

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Background&Objective: Thalassemia is the most common genetic disorder, 2-3 million carriers and 20 thousands with major thalassemia exist in our country. National prevention program of thalassemia started in 1998 and to encourage carriers to dispense marriage with increasing their knowledge was its main strategy. This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of thalassemia prevention program on couples knowledge and carriers and marriage avoidance in Gorgan province- Iran Materials&Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the data were collected by the questionairs which their validity and reliability were already confirmed. The sample population consist of 282 couples which were going to get married 107 couple with minor thalassemia which cancelled their marriage during 1998-2003 were also included in the sample poulation in this research. The detailed study were carried out on whole subjects. Data were entered into the SPSS and analyzed by chi-square, t-test and ANOVA. Results: In 282 couples, mean age was 20.5 on women and 24.86 in men, 57.8% were urban residents, 39.4% were relatives. Most of men had self-employed job and women were house keeper and half were under high school diploma. Distribution of knowledge level: 2.5% weak, 9.2% moderate, 53.2% good and 29.1% excellent. Relationship between knowledge and educational state, residency and job was meaningful (P<0.05), and there was not any relationship with age, gender and familial relativity. Ten couples were carrier that two of them were avoided from marriage. Also 43% of 107 carrier's couple whome were diagnosed in 1998-2003 avoided to get marriaged, meaningful relationships between subjects residency, education status and relativity (P<0.05). Conclusion: In spite of having a good knowledge, but some of the samples population in this study, did not show a suitable practice and most of high risk couples enter into marriage.

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Background&Objective: Staphylococcus aurues is on important cause of community and hospital- aquired infections. Caused by methicillin or oxacillin- resistant s.aureus (MRSA) are mainly nosocomial and are increasingly from many countries word wide. Many attempt have been made by the reasearchers to find new compounds as a subsitute for this antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of alcoholic extracts of 20 medical plants species of Golestan provience on clinical and standard strains of MRSA and MSSA and comprative and detect the best medical plant. Materials&Methods: In this study the compunds of the plant were extracted by percolation method and the effect of ethanolic extract of 20 Iranian medical plants against methicillin resistant and methicillin sensitve strains were assessed by disc diffusion method and each test were repeated 3 times and mean inhibition zone were recorded and then, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts, that show good inhibition zone in disc diffusion method, was determined by the micro broth dilution method. Results: The results of antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extracts of 20 plants revealed that, the ethamlic extracts of 8 plants have the best effect on strains and the maximum mean inhibition zone was 22.4 mm and the lowest MIC of plants was 0.01 mg/ml. Conclusion: The result of this study indicate that, ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus. Global, Peganum.hermla, Punica.granatum, Berberis.vulgaris, Ttamarixaphylla, Nnigella.sativa, Hypericum.perforatum AND, Artemisia. Herbaalba have the best antibacterial effect against MRSA andMSSA. The result obtained from these plants might be considered sufficent for further study.

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Background & Objective: Burning is a general health problem and is also a global injury as well as a very serious sanitary issue in industrial and developing countries. In its severe form, burning can claim lives. It seems essential in every society to analyze burning, to study the causes of burning, treatment outcomes and the death rates, etc. to find proper preventive measures. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the medical records of all patients who were hospitalized and finally deceased during the years 2002 and 2004 in Zare' teaching hospital, Sari, were examined. Some variables including the age span average, the degree and percentage of burning, patients' residence, gender, the cause of burning (i.e. boiling water, fire, acids and explosives), average hospitalization period, surgery and also the abundance of self – burning attempts were examined. Results: This study indicate that during these 3 years the total number of those who died from burns was 506 (23.4%). The residential places were in Mazanderan province (41.7%), Golestan province (41.4%), and Gilan province (10.2%). The abundance of burning ranges as below: The 2 and 3 degree of burning at 91.8%. Regarding the percentage of burns, 31.7% of abundance pertains to burning at 90% and more. The greatest external causes leading to burns are petrol, gas, and gas oil at 57.9%. Also, the percentage of burns does not have much influence on death rate among 50 – year – olds and older people. Conclusion: This study indicated that the importance of death between burned patient in special sex and age. To establish hospitals, some issues must be considered as: distance, transportation, route dangers, characteristics of area, existing epidemiological survey, and finally the epidemics and event statistics.

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Background&Objective: Pediatric renal tumors represent approximately 7% of all childhood cancers and are completely different from those occurring in adults. The aim of this study was to make an analysis of clinical and pathological characteristics of these tumors. Materials&Methods: In this descriptive study all of the pediatric patients diagnosed as having renal neoplasm in departments of pathology of Dr Sheikh children hospital and Imam Reza hospital from 1991-2006 were evaluated. Results: 52 patients including 27 boys and 25 girls with mean age of 40.63 months were studied. Tumors involved each kidney in 24 (45.3%) and were bilateral in 5 (9.4%) patients. Abdominal mass was the commonest clinical symptom and sign. Congenital anomalies were presented in 6 (14.6%) patients. Histopathological examination showed Wilms tumor in 46 (86.8%), cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma in 2 (3.8%), mesoblastic nephroma in 2 (3.8%) rhabdoid tumor of the kidney in 1 (1.9%), metanephric adenofiroma and low-grade tubulopapillary carcinoma in 1 (1.9%) and clear cell sarcoma of the kidney in 1 (1.9%) patient. 11 (20.8%) cases were in stage I, 16 (30.2%) stage II, 13 (24.5%) stage III, 8 (15.1%) stage IV and 5 (9.4%) stage V. Conclusion: Although Wilms tumor is the commonest renal neoplasm in childhood there are also recently described entities such as metanephirc tumors and juvenile renal carcinoma that must be considered in histopathological evaluation of a pediatric renal neoplasm. Role of molecular and cytogenetic methods is increasing for classification and treatment of childhood renal neoplasms.

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Background & Objective: Bombesin (BBS) is a tetra-decapeptide amino acid neuropeptide in central nervous system within a variety of mammalian species. Also it has many biological effects that may be effective in modulation of anxiety. The aim of present study was to determine the effect of BBS on modulation anxiety reaction in elevated plus maze (EPM) in mice.

 

Materials & Methods: 60 male mice (25-30 g) were used in this study. Bombesin in doses of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 µg/kg IP or saline was injected in different groups 10 min before of evaluation. Five minutes later for increase of activity, animal was put in black box for 5 min. Then each animal in regulated time transferred to standard elevated plus-maze and the time spent in the open arms and the ratio of open arm entries during 5 min, were measured. The data analyzed by using ANOVA and Tukey test.

 

Results: BBS in dose dependently manner increase which the anxiety reaction in mice. Animals had spent lower time and ratio of open arm entries in compare with control group significantly (P<0.05) and BBS only in dose of 1.25 µg/kg did not showed significantly effect.

 

Conclusion: This study indicated that Bombesin in dose dependently manner have important role in modulate anxiety reaction in EPM in mice.

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Background & Objective: Congenital spinal deformities usually present in infancy and make parents  worry about their child future. Because of congenital nature of these deformities, cord anomalies and other organ abnormalities must be evaluated. This study was done to determine Congenital spinal deformity and associated anomalies.

 

Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was done on 97 patients who referred to Shafa hospital in Tehran- Iran with congenital back deformities from October 2005 to January 2007. All patients were assessed with physical examination, spinal radiography, MRI, urinary system sonography and echocardiography.

 

Results: Mean age of patients at presentation was 81 month. 81 patients had congenital scoliosis and 16 patients had congenital kyphosis. Mean cobb angle was 52 degrees for congenital scoliosis and 70 degrees for congenital kyphosis. 22 patients had neurologic or skin signs that 81% of them had cord abnormalities (p<0.05). Cord anomalies were seen in 36 scoliosis (46.5%) and 2 kyphosis (15%) (p<0.05). Most common cord anomalies were syingomyelia,diastematomyelia and tethered cord. Congenital heart anomalies was seen in 3 patients (4%) and valvular heart disease in 10 patients (13.5%) and kidney anomalies in 7 patients (12%). Only one patient with congenital heart disease and one patient with kidney anomaly had kyphosis.

 

Conclusion: Regarding to prevalence of congenital spinial deformity (CSD) in scoliosis and kyphosis patients, all of patients with CSD should screued for determiation of conganital anomalies by MRI, Eco cardiography and kidny sonography.

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Background & Objective: We have two areas in gluteal region for intramuscular injection‚ Ventrogluteal and Dorsogluteal. This study was done to compare pain intensity and bleeding rate after injection in Ventrogluteal and Dorsogluteal area.

 

Materials & Methods: This clinical trial study was done on 67 males in 5th Azar hospital in Gorgan north of Iran. Patients had 2 injections during 24 hours. For every patient one injection was done in Dorsogluteal area and the second injection was done in Ventrogluteal area. For every patients the pain intensity and rate of bleeding for every injections recorded. Data analyzed by SPSS-11.5 software and Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Wilcoxon tests.

 

Results: In Dorsogluteal area 83.5% of patients had a low and medium pain‚ where as in Ventrogluteal area 88% of patients had a low and medium pain and 9% of them had not any pain. The Mean±SD of pain intensity in Dorsogluteal area was 50.79±1.682 and in Ventrogluteal was 40.79±1.878. The Mean±SD of bleeding in Dorsogluteal and Ventrogluteal areas were 0.73±0.102 and 0.19±0.047 respectively. There were significant differences in pain intensity and bleeding between two groups (P<0.05).

 

Conclusion: We concluded that the injection in Ventrogluteal area has a less pain and bleeding rate in comparison with Dorsogluteal area.