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Background and Objective: Using of laryngeal mask air way (LMA) was recommended for air way management in short duration elective surgeries. One of its side effects is the increasing of secretion of air way and subsequently laryngospasm. Anticholinergic drugs (hyoscine NBB and atropine) have been administrated to reduce of these side effects. This study was carried out to compare the atropin and hyoscine n-butylbromide (NBB) on hemodynamic and nausea and vomiting in anesthesia with laryngeal mask air way. Materials and Methods: In this randomized double- blind control trials, 100 patients (20-50 years) with class 1 and class 2 of Anesthesia, have been operated less than one hour under general anesthesia with LMA during 2007-08 in Beheshti hospital. These patients were divided to 2 groups every other one randomly with equal persons. After controlling the base of heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), both groups was administrated to premed according weight. Then 0.5mg/5ml atropine to the first group and 10mg/5ml hyoscine NBB (Buscopan) to the second group was injected and hemodynamic was controlled after two minutes. Anesthesia with thiopental sodium was induced and LMA was inserted. Then hemodynamic was controlled during the time. The amount of secretions of air way was investigated according to the numbers of suction at the end of surgery and after removing of LMA. The severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting was assessed with attention to need of patients to antiemetic until 6 hours. Data was analyzed statistically. Results: Antiemetic effect of atropin and hyoscine n-butylbromide (NBB) was similar. With mild secretions, moderate and sever antisialague effect of hyoscine NBB was 80%, 18% and 2% and in atropine group was 72%, 22% and 6% retrospectively. Heart rate increase (less of 20%) without rising MAP was obsered in two groups. Conclusion: This study showed that the effects of hyoscine and atropine in decreasing airway secretions, nausea and vomiting is similar.

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Background and Objective: Alpha thalassemia is one of the most common hemoglobin disorders. Some combination of alpha globin gene mutations may cause HbH disease with severe anemia or intermediate thalassemia. genotype common deletions are routinely tested for suspicious alpha thalassemia couples but because of lack of information about the nature and frequency of point mutations and higher expenosor of sequencing, less attention was paid to them. This study was done to determine the prevalence of common point mutations of alpha globin gene in Babol, Iran.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on DNA of 153 adult suspected to α-thalasemia with deleted α- golobolin gene referred to genetic laboratory in Babol, Iran during 2005-09. a1 and a2 genes were amplified by using specific biotinilated primers by PCR method. PCR products were assayed using 11 specific probs corresponding to common point mutations in alpha gene (C19, IVSI (-5nt), C59, Hb constant spring, Hb Icaria, Hb seal Rock, IVSI (148), C14, poly A (-2bp), poly A2, Poly A1) and fixed on byodine C membrabe. Hybridization between the probes and PCR products was visualized after a colorimetric reaction using of conjugated streptavidin peroxidase and TMB (tetra methyle Benzidine) and H²O².

Results: The prevalence of point mutations in poly A2, 5nt, Hb constant spring and poly A1 were 28.75%, 14.38%, 7.84% and 2.61%, respectively.

Conclusion: Point mutation in alpha globin genes was detected in %53.60 out of 153 adults suspected with alpha thalassemia without common deletion mutations.

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Background and Objective: MIRU-VNTR typing is currently one of the most frequently-used standardized genotyping systems in molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in the world. This sudy was done to determine the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotyping by MIRU-VNTR method. Methods: This descriptive study was done on sputum, gastric lavage clinical specimens of 53 tuberculosis suspected patients. Fifty-three isolates were identified by 16S rRNA and Rv-typing followed by RD typing. They were then subjected to a 12-locus (ETRA, ETRB, ETRC, ETRD, ETRE and ETRF, MIRU-10, MIRU-26, MIRU-39, MIRU-30 plus QUB-11b) MIRU-VNTR typing system. Results: In MIRU-VNTR typing, forty-four types were identified with 13 isolates classified in 4 clustered and the remaining 40 isolates representing 40 orphan patterns. In comparative analysis of MIRU-VNTR loci, MIRU-26 with 7 alleles displayed the highest diversity level (Simpson’s diversity index = 0.767. Out of the 53 isolates, only one was identified as Mycobacterium bovis. All the remaining isolates were characterized as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. None of the samples was affected to Mycobacterium complex strain. No evidence of either double or co-infection of the patients with more than one species/strain was detected. Conclusion: While the genomic diversity observed by MIRU-VNTR typing sounds extensive, the population genomic structure on the whole however, seems to be homogenous. Recent transmission between studied patients does not appear to be a frequent event as only 13 isolates representing 4 MIRU-VNTR types, were assumingly epidemic.

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Background and Objective: Iran remains a major stronghold for glanders in the Middle East. In Iran, the non-indigenous Burkholderia mallei Razi 325 strain is used in manufacturing of the mallein, required for malleination of animals. Multi Locus Variable number tandem repeat analysis is currently the standard globally accepted genotyping system for Burkholderia mallei. This study was done to survey the genomic structure of Burkholderia mallei Razi 325, the strain used for industrial production of Mallein.

Methods: In this descriptive study, a MLVA genotyping system with 4 previously-characterized loci VNTR140, VNTR1367, VNTR2065, VNTR2971 along with two new loci of VNTR24, VNTR41 was used.

Results: Optimization of PCRs resulted in a single protocol that enabled simultaneous amplification of all the six loci. Sequencing of PCR products revealed there were 2, 3, 12, 6, 1 and 2 copies of the unit repeat hold in the genome of the Burkholderia mallei Razi 325 strain. This observation was extended to include the already-whole genome sequenced Chinese Burkholderia mallei ATCC 23344 and Burkholderia mallei BMQ and also Burkholderia mallei SAVP1 strains.

Conclusion: The Burkholderia mallei Razi 325 strain is distinguishable from the other three strains through MLVA genotyping method.

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Background and Objective: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) can cause a moderate disease in children, but with high risk of serious disease or death in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) Vaccination from infection can be safe, immunogenic, and effective in children with leukemia. This study was done to evaluate the IgG and IgM antibodies against VZV in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Methods: The descriptive-analytic study was performed on 66 children who were on chemotherapy in Dr Shigh hospital in Mashhad, Iran during 2012. Patients were receivied VZV vaccine. The title negative or positive serum sample for IgG-anti-VZV avidity was determined by using a test kit before and after injection of vaccines VZV for considering the efficacy of vaccines on pediatric patients.

Results: Title serum sample IgG were positive in 32.6% patients, these children have history of chicken pox disease and to be safe against of VZV. 78.3% of the patients were negative for IgG antibody and sensitive against of VZV.

Conclusion: Children with ALL receiving chemotherapy are sensitive to chicken pox disease according to negative IgG titer against VZV.