Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences

Effect of 8 weeks Pilates training on physical fitness indices in breast cancer patients: a clinical trial study

Maryam Koushkie Jahromi

Background and Objective: Breast cancer and related treatments induce various physical symptoms. One of suggested method for preventing or reducing physical symptoms is exercise training. This study was done to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks Pilates exercises physical fitness indices in breast cancer patients.
Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study 30 female breast cancer patients were divided into intervention (n=15) and control (n=15) groups by block randomization method. Pilates exercise for 8 weeks, 3 days a week for 60 min in every session was performed in Patients in interventional group but patients in control group did not participate in any regular physical activity. Flexibility, coordination, back and hand strength and muscular strength were determined using Wells, alternate hand wall toss, one leg –stance, back and handgrip dynamometer, sit up tests, respectively.
Results: Pilates exercises significantly increased flexibility, balance, coordination, back and hand strength, muscular endurance and sit up in interventional group in compared to controls (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Pilates exercise improves physical fitness indices in women with breast cancer.

Effect of Chamomile tea on the severity of dyspnea and anxiety in patients with chronic heart failure: a clinical trial study

Akram Sanagoo

Background and Objective: Dyspnea is the main cause of hospitalization of patients with heart failure and it is often associated with anxiety. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Chamomile tea on the severity of dyspnea and anxiety in patients with chronic heart failure.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 60 patients with chronic heart failure in an outpatient clinic of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Iran during 2014. Patients were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Subjects in intervention group consumed Chamomile tea for 4 weeks. Oxygen cost diagram (OCD) and Beck anxiety inventory were recorded for each subject.
Results: The mean of severity of dyspnea in the intervention and control groups was 16.66±5.76 and 29.43±13.1, respectively (P<0.05). The mean anxiety severity in the intervention and control groups was 12.07±1.1 and 6.7±6.2, 20, respectively (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Chamomile tea can reduces the severity of dyspnea and anxiety in patients with chronic heart failure.

Effect of foot special massage on vital sign of patients after hysterectomy: a clinical trial study

Maryam Modarres

Background and Objective: Hysterectomy is stressful in women operation, due to increased release the level of catecholamines some physiological reactions including increase in breathing, heart rate and blood pressure are clinically observed. Massage therapy helps to improve the nervous and cardiovascular system and modifies physiological responses. This study was done to determine the effect of foot massage on the vital signs of patients after hysterectomy.
Methods: In this clinical trial study 60 women underway hysterectomy were randomly divided into intervention (n=28) and control (n=29) groups. Subjects in intervention group were received a
20 minute foot massage according to the mentioned method in two sessions first and second day after surgery, with 24-hours interval. Before and 30 minutes after intervention , vital sign including systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse, breathing were recorded for each subject.
Results: In the intervention group, all of the signs of vital signs before and after massage in the first and second days after the operation showed a significant decrease (P<0.05). The number of pulses and diastolic blood pressure in the first and second day after surgery and systolic blood pressure on the second day in the control group showed a significant reduction (P<0.05). At the end of the first day after the intervention group, the systolic blood pressure and respiratory rate showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Foot massage improves systolic blood pressure and breathing at the first day after hysterectomy, which may indicate an increase in parasympathetic activity.

Effect of multi-wall carbon nanotubes toxicity on kidney function and tissue in rats

Ali Noori

Background and Objective: The unique properties of carbon nanotubes have been used for medical, biological and industrial applications, but it simultaneously exposure to humans and organisms poses a potential for toxic effects on human health and the environment. This study was done to evaluate the effect of multi-wall carbon nanotubes toxicity on kidney function and tissue in rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 50 mature female Wistar rats were allocated into five groups including: control and experimental groups with dosage of 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg/bw, respectively. Animals in control group were received physiological saline and Tween.Animals in treatment groups were received 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg/bw of multi-wall carbon nanotubes functionalized with carboxylic group with diameter less than 8 nm and length 30 micrometers in 8 steps in one day intraperitoneally. Blood samples were conducted in two phases: one day after the last injection and 20 days after the last injection. Urea, uric acid, creatinine and malondialdehyde levels were measured in blood serum. Tissue samples were provided by preparing histological sections of kidney in each group and stain with hematoxylin-eosin. The tissue structure of the kidney was examined by optical microscopy.
Results: In the first stage (one day after the last injection), only the amount of uric acid at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg significantly reduced in comparison with controls and other treated groups, respectively (P<0.05). There were no significant changes in the level of other biochemical factors in compared to the control. However, 20 days after the last injection, significant reduction in the level of uric acid and urea was observed in 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg/bw of multi-wall carbon nanotubes in compared to the control group, although significant reduction in creatinine was seen in dosages of 5 and 10 mg/kg/bw of multi-wall carbon nanotubes in compared to controls (P<0.05). Histological studies showed altrations in trated groups including accumulation of hyaline-like substances derived from the activity of eosinophils and accumulation of inflammatory cells (basophils and neutrophils) in the cortical and medula of the kidney, glomerular degeneration, Bowman capsule dilatation and degeneration of proximal tube wall in the renal cortex which these alterations were dose-dependent.
Conclusion: Multi-wall carbon nanotubes functionalized with carboxyl groups even in low dosage (2.5 mg/kg) and after 20 days of injection cause toxicity in tissue structure and kidney function.

Protective effect of perserved solutions of Krebs contains verapamil, adrenaline and propranololol in comparision with Krebs and Heparinated blood on desqumation of the endothelial cell in Saphenous vein of Guinea pig

Nourollah Rezaei

Background and Objective: The most important factor in the integrity of saphenous vein is the health degree of endothelium which guaranties the dilation of them after cronary bypass sergery. Kind of preservative soulution has a key role in endothelial protection. This study was done to evaluate Protective effect of perserved solutions of krebs contains verapamil, adrenaline and propranololol in comparision with Krebs and Heparinated blood on desqumation of the endothelial cell in Saphenous vein of Guinea pig.
Methods: This experimental study was done on 28 male Guinea pigs with 380±40g weight.for separating 3mm of saphenous vein rings and Measuring of rings nitric oxide released in preserving solutions: Krebs (K), Krebs plus propranolol (K+P), adrenaline (K+A) and verapamil (K+V) compaired with heparinized blood at 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes after harvesting measured by micro plate Griess reaction. Rings also stained by H&E and examined by light microscopy to evaluate endothelial desqumation.
Results: Average concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in the Krebs plus Verapamil solution (K+V) Vs Heparinized Blood (HB), Krebs (K), Krebs plus Adrenaline (K+A) and Krebs plus Propanololol (K+P) revealed significant increase in NO release (P<0.05). The maximum NO measurement was 45 minuts after harvesting. Also histological study with H&E staining showed that endothelial layer was intact only in Krebs plus verapamil in compaired to control group, but in the other solutions the vascular intimal cells had suffered different degrees.
Conclusion: It seems that Krebs solutions containing verapamil has more efficiently to the proper functioning of the saphenous veins endothelium in animal modle.

Effect of donepezil hydrochloride on reference and working memory impairment after bilateral electrical lesion of nucleus basalis magnocellularis in rats model of Alzheimer disease

Ahmad Ali Moazedi

Background and Objective: Dysfunction and loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and their cortical projections are the earliest pathological events in the pathogenesis of alzheimer disease (AD). This study was done to evaluate the effect of donepezil hydrochloride on reference and working memory caused by mutual electrical lesion of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) in animal model of AD.
Methods: In this experimental study, 56 adult male Wistar rats were allocated into 8 group (n=7) including: control (intact), NBM lesion group, which received electrically- induced lesion (0.5 m A, 3s) in NBM, Sham group (the electrode was impaled in to the NBM with no lesion), donepezil groups (lesion + 0.1, 1, 5, 10 mg/kg/bw of donepezil hydrochloride) and vehicle group (NBM lesion+ saline). Acquisition and retention testing were done by using an eight-radial arm maze, in which, the patterns of arm entries in each group was recorded for calculating correct choice, working memory errors, reference memory error and latency.
Results: The spatial learning of animals in the lesion of NBM group significantly reduced in compared to controls (P<0.05). Moreover, no effect on spatial learning was seen in the sham group compared with the lesion group. The post-lesion treatment with donepezil hydrochloride in dose-dependent manner improved the parameters of spatial memory errors in the acquisition and retention tasks in comparision with the lesion group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Treatment with donepezil hydrochloride, dose-dependently improves cognitive impairment induced by the destruction of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis.

Effect of memantine on spatial learning and memory in electrical leisions model of nucleus basalis magnocellularis: animal model of Alzheimer’s disease

Ahmad Ali Moazedi

Background and Objective: Memantine (MEM) an uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist is used for treatment of patients with Alzheimer disease. This study aimed to examine the effect of Memantine on the spatial learning and memory in electrical lesion’s model of nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) in animal model of Alzheimer's disease.
Methods: In this experimental study, 56 adult male Wistar rats were allocated into eight groups: control group; lesion group, which received bilateral electrically lesion (0.5 mA, 3s) in NBM; sham group (the electrode was entered into the NBM with no lesion); Memantine groups (lesion+1 mg/kg/bw of MEM; lesion+3 mg/kg/bw of MEM; lesion+5 mg/kg/bw of MEM; lesion+7 mg/kg/bw of MEM) and Vehicle group (lesion+0.2 mL saline). After one week, animals were trained to perform the Y-maze task for five days. Twenty five days after training, a retention test was performed to determine long-term memory.
Results: The bilateral lesion of NBM impaired the spatial learning compared to the control and sham groups (P<0.05). No effect on spatial learning was seen in saline group compared with the lesion group. The treatment with Memantine in lesion+MEM 3 mg/kg/bw, lesion+MEM 5mg/kg/bw and lesion+MEM 7mg/kg/bw groups significantly improved spatial learning (P<0.05). Moreover, no significant difference of memory was observed between the results in the 5th day of training and the retention test of the 30th day.
Conclusion: Treatment with memantine improves spatial learning defects in electrical leisions model of NBM of Alzheimer's disease in dose dependent manner in animal model.

Effect of the Lavender, sesame oil, combination of Lavender with sesame oil and silver sulfadiazine on the burn wound healing in mice

Mahdieh Raeeszadeh

Background and Objective: Burn is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. This study was done to determine the effect of the lavender, sesame oil, and combination of Lavender with sesame oil and silver sulfadiazine on the burn wound healing in mice.
Methods: In this experimental study, 30 male adult albino mice were randomly allocated into 5 groups as follows: the negative control group (physiology serum); the positive control group (silver sulfadiazine); the first experimental group (sesame oil), the second experimental group (combination of Lavender with sesame oil) and the third experimental group (Lavender oil).Second degree of burn wound healing take place using hot sheet with a diameter of 2 cm. wound treatment was done in five groups in 21-day treatment period. The wound diameter size and restoration percentage were measured on days 1, 3, 6, 9, 18, and 21. Some mice were euthanized and the samples of wounds were used for histopathological studies.
Results: The percentage of wound healing significantly increased in groups of silver sulfadiazine, combination of Lavender with sesame oil, Lavender oil and sesame oil in compared to control group (P<0.05). The improvement percentage was seen in sulfadiazine and combination of Lavender with sesame oil groups in compared to negative control group. The level of tissue restoration based on the accumulation of collagen, fibroblasts, re-epithelialization were seen in sulfadiazine, combination of Lavender with sesame oil, Lavender oil and sesame oil, respectively.
Conclusion: Combination of Lavender with sesame oil similar to silver sulfadiazine has tissue restoration effect on burn wound healing in animal model.

Effect of alcoholic extracts of Rosa canina L fruit on hippocampus neuronal density in mice

Maryam Tehranipour

Background and Objective: Brain is not able to produce new neurons by neurogenesis after maturity. Neurogenesis after the maturity was reported in Hippocampus and subventricular areas in the brain. Rosa canina L has various vitamins and other valuable compounds such as polyphenols, carotenoid, carbohydrates and fatty acids. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the alcoholic extract of the fruit of Rosa canina L plant on neuronal density of the hippocampus in animal model.
Methods: In this experimental study 24 adult male mice were randomly allocated into 4 groups including: control and three treatent groups. Animals in treatment groups 1, 2 and 3 were received the alcoholic extract with extract with a dose of 25, 50, 75 mg/kg/bw intraperitoneally (IP), for 21 day continuously with an invertal of 24 hours, respectively. Animals in control group were received normal saline injection. One month after the first injection, the animals were anesthetized and brain gently was out of the skull. After processing, seven-micron serial sections were stained with blue toluidine and erythrosine. Different regions of the hippocampus were photographed and neuronal density was evaluated by stereological methods and was compared with control group.
Results: The mean neuronal density of CA1 area of hippocampus in control and the treated group with a dose of 25, 50, 75 mg/kg/bw was 55±2, 70±3, 65±3 and 61±2, respectively. Neuronal density significantly increased in treatment group with dosage of 25 mg/kg/bw in compared to control group (P<0.05). The mean neuronal density of CA2 and CA3 area of hippocampus in treated group with a dose of 25, 50, 75 mg/kg/bw was not significant in compared to controls.
Conclusion: This study showed that the alcoholic extract of the fruit of Rosa canina L plant with dosage of 25 mg/kg/bw increase neurons of the mice hippocampus.

Effectiveness of emotionally coupled therapy and redecision therapy on changing of marital communication skills in married women

Korosh Mohammadi

Background and Objective: Considering the communication patterns of couples is one way of looking at the structure of the family through which spouses interact each other. This study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of emotionally coupled therapy and redecision therapy on changing of marital communication skills in married women.
Methods: This quezi-expermental study was done on 30 women who were chosen via available sampling through distressed women referred to centers of counselling in Gorgan, northern Iran during 2016. Selected women non-randomly divided in three groups including control, treated with emotionally focused couple therapy intervention and the redecision therapy intervention groups. Women in control group did not receive any intervention. Communication styles questioner was used for pretest and post test.
Results: Emotionally focused couple therapy and redecision therapy significantly improved the communication styles of married women and maintain healthy gains, even up to six months after treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the effectiveness of emotionally focused couple therapy and redecision therapy methods.
Conclusion: Emotionally focused couple therapy and redecision therapy have the same effect on improvement of communication styles of married women.

Effect of mindfulness training on individual well-being and mental health of elderly women

Firoozeh Derakhshanpour

Background and Objective: The elderly population is rising rapidly in the world and one of the criteria for assessing the needs and health of the elderly is life quality. Mindfulness is a kind of consciousness, and it comes about when we encounter our experiences with a more precise and detailed in the present and without judgment. This study was done to determine the effect of mindfulness training on personal well-being and mental health in elderly women.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was done on 46 elderly women over 60 years of age who displaced in the only daily nursing home in Gorgan, northern Iran .The subjects were non-randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group participated in eight sessions of two-hour mental education training. Personal information questionnaire, general health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and personal well-being index – adult (PWI-A). PWI-A and mental health questionnaires were completed by the elderly at the beginning and the end of the study.
Results: In the intervention group, mindfulness education significantly increased the subscale of personal well-being in the post-test (57.4±3.5) compared to the pre-test (43.2±10.6), and the subscale of mental health and its components in the post-test (13.47±5.5) compared to the pre-test (35.6±10.9) (P<0.05). In the control group, the subscales of personal well-being and mental health and its components at the prior and the end of the study was not different.
Conclusion: Mental education improves subscales of personal well-being and mental health in elderly women.

Comparison of two methods of sports massage and cold stretch on the threshold of pain in passive trigger points in shoulder girdle muscles of the female volleyball players

Seyyed Sadredin Shojaedin

Background and Objective: The trigger point is the irritable point associated with a tight band of skeletal muscle which is painful against stress and strain. The real goal in treating trigger points is to achieve a degree of pain relief so that the sufferer can return to his usual activities and functions in spite of some pain. This study was carried out to compare of two methods of sports massage and cold stretch on the threshold of pain in passive trigger points in shoulder girdle muscles of the female volleyball players.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 32 females national volleyball palyer who has a latent trigger point in the shoulder girdle region were non-randomly divided into to three groups of sports massage (n=11), stretching along the cold (n=11) and control (n=10) groups. Threshold of pain test was carried out in two steps, prior and immediately after sports massage and stretching along the cold.
Results: The mean of pain threshold prior and immediately after the study in control group was 38.84±11.348 and 35.16±9.311, respectively. The mean of pain threshold prior and immediately after the study in sports massage group was 39.40±9.88 and 43.54±9.63, respectively. This differernce was not significant. The mean of pain threshold prior and immediately after the study in stretching along the cold group was 39.22±10.57 and 41.10±10.95, respectively. This differernce was not significant.
Conclusion: Sports massage and stretching along the cold did not significant effect on the threshold of pain in passive trigger points in shoulder girdle muscles of the female volleyball players.

Effect of diving in different depths on the level of C-reactive protein and lipid profiles of diver men

Hossein Toosi Khorshidi

Background and Objective: New markers of cardiovascular disease have more sensitivity and accuracy in predicting cardiovascular events. Considering the effective role of physical activity in preventing and reducing cardiovascular disease, which will be of great help in improving the health of people in the community. This study was done to determine the effect of diving in different depths on the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profiles of diver men.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 6 male diver members of the rescue and rescue team of the Red Crescent Society of Kohkiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province in Iran. Subjects diverted on the first day at a depth of 1 meter, the second day at a depth of 10 meter, and the third day at a depth of 20 meter for 40 minutes. The subjects were at a depth of 10 and 20 meters at a height of 3 meters to the surface of the water for five-minute steepness. Blood samples were taken before and after diving, and CRP and lipid profiles including triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein were measured.
Results: The increase of environmental stress caused by diving in three depths of 1, 10 and 20 meters of the sea significantly increased CRP level (P<0.05). No significant changes were observed in the levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein, but high density lipoprotein level was significantly increased (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Scuba diving, due to the transport of respiratory equipment during activity increases
C-reactive protein and lipid profiles.

Frequncey of PDCD1.3 gene polymorphisms in systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Alijan Tabarraei

Background and Objective: Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in programmed cell death which expressed at high level in T cells, plays an important role in the development and cause autoimmune disorders. This study was done to evaluate the frequncy of rs11568821 polymorphism in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Methods: This case-control study was done on 76 patients with SLE and 56 healthy controls. After DNA extraction, frequncy of polymorphisms PDCD1.3 by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing methods in subjects were determined.
Results: There was a significant diference between frequency of allele and genotype at rs11568821 Polymorphism in region of intron 4 of PDCD1.3 gene in case and control groups (P<0.05). A allele and AG genotype was significantly higher in patients than healthy controls (9.5% vs 0.09%, P<0.05). There was no significant association between clinical and laboratory findings with genotype frequencies.
Conclusion: rs11568821 single nucleotide polymorphism in intron 4 gene region PDCD1 can be used as a genetic factor to be involved the SLE susceptibility.

Insulin resistance in hypothyroid patients using HOMA and triglyceride- glucose indices

S.Mehran Hosseini

Background and Objective: Insulin resistance (IR) is common in hypothyroidism. IR is one of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Insulin clamp is the gold standard method for evaluation of IR but it is not routine in clinical usage. The triglyceride- glucose (TyG) and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) indices are non-invasive surrogate of IR. This study was done to determine the IR using the TyG and HOMA indices in hypothyroid patients.
Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was done on 23 hypothyroid patients including 15 overt and 8 subclinical hypothyroid patients. All patients were new cases and were matched for age, sex, and high. TSH, FT4, TG, LDL, FBS and fasting plasma insulin level were measured twice at time of diagnosis and after treatment and the changes of TyG and HOMA indices were recorded.
Results: In two groups IR based on HOMA was more than TyG index. IR in overt hypothyroidism based on HOMA index was more than two times in comparison with TyG index at the first time and more than three times (10:3) at the second time. IR in subclinical hypothyroidism based on HOMA index was more than four times in comparison with TyG index at the first time and more than three times (7:2) at the second time. A significant difference was found in IR based on HOMA before and after treatment (P<0.05). There were not any significant differences in IR indices of overt hypothyroidism group.
Conclusion: The eight weeks treatment of hypothyroidism and reducing TSH level is probably having no effect on HOMA and TyG in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism.

Obsessive- compulsive disorder due to traumatic brain injury: report of 3 cases

Seyyed Hamzeh Hosseini

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is manifested by a group of symptoms including intrusive thoughts, rituals, mental obsessions and compulsions which creates great distress for the individual. Traumatic brain injurie known as one of the rare reasons of obsessive-compulsive disorder. This report is about 3 patients that suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder after a traumatic brain injury and loss of consciousness. All 3 patients had no sign of obsessive-compulsive disorder before the trauma. Information on these reports, examine the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder and traumatic brain injury. Findings from the neuroimaging methods for these patients have been reported. In this study, all the reported cases that had sever traumatic brain injuries were assessed by neuroimaging methods and brain injuries were obsereved in the right temporal in first case, in the right temporal and both frontal sides in second case, in the splenium corpus callosum and the right brain tegmentums and diffused axonal injury and extra-axial hematoma in the left temporal lobein the thirtd patient. Based on the findings of this study obsessive-compulsive disorder can rarely be developed after a traumatic brain injury and by assessing the neuroimaging findings, we can conclude that there is a relationship between the brain injuries and the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive.